Memory

Question 0

What is the duration of long term memory?

Answer 0

Up to a lifetime

Question 1

What is the duration for short term memory?

Answer 1

7(+-2)

Question 2

Name one key study to test the duration of short term memory.

Answer 2

Lloyd and Margaret Peterson conducted a study where 24 students were asked to recall three letters after subtracting 3 from the number until told to stop eg. WRT 284
The time until told to stop lengthened each time.
(Page 20 in book)

Question 3

What did the Peterson & Peterson study show?

Answer 3

Participants remembered 90% when there was a 3-second interval but only 2% when there was an 18-second interval

Question 4

How can short term memory be strengthened?

Answer 4

Rehearsal

Question 5

What is the capacity of long term memory?

Answer 5

Potentially unlimited

Question 6

Define duration in terms of memory

Answer 6

A measure of how long a memory lasts before it is no longer available

Question 7

Define capacity in terms of memory

Answer 7

A measure of how much can be held in memory

Question 8

Define encoding in terms of memory

Answer 8

The way information is changed so that it can be stored in memory

Question 9

Define ‘chunking’ in terms of memory

Answer 9

Grouping sets of digits/letters into meaningful chunks

Eg. 100 1000 10 10000 instead of 10010001010000

Question 10

What is the capacity of short term memory?

Answer 10

Less than 7 ‘chunks’

Question 11

How is long term memory encoded?

Answer 11

Semantically

Question 12

How is short term memory encoded?

Answer 12

Accoustically or visually

Question 13

Name a study to test the capacity of short term memory

Answer 13

Digit span test

Question 14

What are the components of the multi-store model?

Answer 14

Sensory Memory, Short Term Memory & Long Term Memory

Question 15

What does the multi-store model explain?

Answer 15

How memory processes work

Question 16

How does information move from the sensory memory to the short term memory?

Answer 16

By paying attention to the information

Question 17

How does information from the short term memory move to the long term memory?

Answer 17

Maintenance rehearsal

Question 18

Give three strengths of the Multi-Store Model

Answer 18

• There is strong evidence to support it
• Provides an account of memory in terms of structure and process
• Has clear predictions about memory that can be studied

Question 19

Give one study to support the Multi-Store Model

Answer 19

Sperling, in 1960, showed participants a grid of digits and letters for 50 milliseconds. They were told to write down the 12 items or they would hear a tone relating to the row of items and would just write that row down.
The study showed that when recalling one row, the participants were better.

Question 20

Give three limitations of the Multi-Store Model

Answer 20

• Oversimplifies memory structures and processes
• Rehearsal is not the only way to create long term memories; elaborative rehearsal also works
• The Multi-Store Model states that STM comes before LTM when Logie pointed out that LTM comes before STM