Memory Flashcards
What are the three main stages of memory according to the multi-store model?
Encoding, storage, and retrieval.
True or False: Short-term memory has a limited capacity.
True.
Fill in the blank: The capacity of short-term memory is typically _______ items.
7 plus or minus 2.
What type of encoding is primarily used in short-term memory?
Acoustic encoding.
What is the duration of short-term memory?
Approximately 18 to 30 seconds.
Which model of memory includes sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory?
The multi-store model.
What is the primary function of long-term memory?
To store information over extended periods.
True or False: Long-term memory has a finite capacity.
False.
What are the two main types of long-term memory?
Explicit (declarative) and implicit (non-declarative) memory.
What is episodic memory?
A type of explicit memory that involves personal experiences and events.
Fill in the blank: Semantic memory is a type of _______ memory that involves facts and knowledge.
explicit.
What is procedural memory?
A type of implicit memory that involves skills and actions.
What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?
It is crucial for the formation of new explicit memories.
True or False: Memory retrieval can be influenced by the context in which the information was learned.
True.
What is the ‘serial position effect’?
The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items.
What is interference in the context of memory?
When similar memories disrupt the recall of each other.
What are the two types of interference?
Proactive interference and retroactive interference.
What is the difference between proactive and retroactive interference?
Proactive interference occurs when old memories disrupt new ones, while retroactive interference occurs when new memories disrupt old ones.
What is the purpose of rehearsal in memory?
To maintain information in short-term memory and facilitate its transfer to long-term memory.
What does the term ‘chunking’ refer to in memory?
Grouping items into larger, manageable units to enhance memory capacity.
What is the ‘levels of processing’ theory?
The idea that deeper levels of analysis lead to better retention of information.
Fill in the blank: The process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory is called _______.
encoding.
What is decay theory in relation to memory?
The theory that suggests memories fade over time if they are not accessed or rehearsed.
True or False: Flashbulb memories are always accurate.
False.
What is the role of cues in memory retrieval?
Cues aid in the recall of information by providing prompts or hints.
What is the term for the inability to recall information due to the absence of retrieval cues?
Tip of the tongue phenomenon.
