Memory Flashcards
what is memory
the ability to store information and recall and retrieve it later on
sensory memory
brief storage that passes through our 5 senses and then transferred to the STM
modal model of memory
sensory import - SENSORY MEMORY - attention - WORKING STM - retrieval -encoding - LTM
Iconic memory
something that is briefly just seen
Echoic memory
something briefly just heard
Visual persistence
a stimulus may no longer be present but the image of the stimulus is still there
example - when a photo is taken the flash, the spot is still appearing in our visual field.
Short term memory
receives and encodes new information from the sensory memory.
what is the capacity of STM
plus 7 / take 2
What is the duration of STM
20-30 seconds
chunking
a way of taking larger information and making it smaller for it to stay in the STM
maintenance rehearsal
by rehearsing something over and over again
Elaborative rehearsal
thinking about the meaning of something
Long term memory
permanent information that enables one to retain and retrieve
declartitive/explicit
have to consciously work to remember it
the levels of processing model (SPS)
structural processing (visual) shallow
Phonetic prosccesing ( hear ) deep but still shallow
Semantic processing ( meaning ) deep
Semantic
General knowledge and facts
Episodic
special personal events
Procedulal
how to do things, motor skills
Non Declarative/ implicit
Automatic, dont have to work to remember it
clustering
organising items into related groups during recall
Mneomnic Devices
specific techniques for improving long term memory
Serial position effect
the tendency to remember the first and last items
Primacy effect
information that was presented first, rember the words at the top of the list. (stored in LTM)
Recency effect
information that is presented more recently and the end of the list. (stored in STM) not as effective as Primary effect.
Recall
retreieving infromation from the past
recognition
the process in which individuals experiences external stimuli that leads to a feeling of familiarity
example - may not rember names but feel they have experienced it before
