memory Flashcards
what are the two different types of sport performance certifications
CEP (certified exercise physiologist)
-can work with anyone effectively
CPT (certified personal trainer)
-only supposed to work with healthy individuals 15-69
-more limited
what organization certifies sports medicine physician
Canadian academy of sport and exercise medicine
sports physiotherapists vs athletic therapistsq
sports physiotherapists focus primarily on rehab
athletic therapists also identify, manage, treat and rehab.
what are the areas of expertise for a sports therapist (athletic therapists, sports physio)
-prevention,
-immediate care,
-clinical assessment,
-treatment, rehab, recondition
what type of activities constitute prevention
conditioning,
equipment fitting and mods
screening
what constitutes immediate care
injury recognition and management
emergency interventions and EAP
on and off field evaluation
what constitutes clinical assessment
understanding pathology of injuries and illnesses
working with other medical practitioners
what constitutes treatment, rehab
therapy skills
exercise based treatment and rehab
knowing exercise physiology
finding key performance indicators to guide rehab
what are the tissue responses to strain
elastic -no deformation
plastic -semi permanent deformation
failure- injury
which mechanisms cause injury
tension
compression
shearing
bending
torsion
which mechanism of injury are usually specific to long bones of the body
bending and torsion
what is required for bending to occur
axial loads and perpendicular force
which are the three severities of injuries
life threatening
serious
non serious
what are mechanisms of injury
why injuries happen. not the physical but the event
intrinsic- athlete dysfunction or overuse
extrinsic- Interac with player or structure
enviromental
who are the three key roles assigned in EAP
charge
call
control
what is secondary survey of EAP
HOPS
history
observations-SHARP
palpations
special tests
what are closed vs open fractures
closed is where there is little movement or displacement of bone or surrounding tissue
open involves displacement of tissue
what is crepitus
word to describe sandy grinding sensation with some injuries
what is the only definitive diagnostic tool for fractures
Xray
what is a stress fracture
stress beyond yield point of the bone by repetitive actions
can be caused by
-new unfamiliar training
-changing training habits
-increases in impact/training volume
what are the signs of a stress fracture
early on there may be specific tenderness and pain.
more constant and intense pain later on in activity and at rest.
what is an avulsion fracture
bone fragment of cortex pulled away by ligament or tendon
what is an epiphyseal fracture
growth plate fracture
what is an apophyseal injury
young physically active individuals are susceptible. origin and insertion of muscles.
what is subluxation
partial dislocation which causes an incomplete separation but it comes back together
what is unique about the treatment of first time dislocations
x ray to look for possible fractures
what is the static stabilizing structure of the joint
ligaments
what is the dynamic stabilizing structures of the joint
muscles
what is bursitis
bursa irritation by overuse or a sudden irritation.
repeated bursitis can result to calcification and loss of internal bursa layers
what is the structure of collagen in tendons
wavy so that they are elastic
why do tendons usually fail
high velocity high force at full range of motion
how can cervical spine injuries be prevented
muscle strengthening to assist strength of bracing before impacts
how can the thoracic spine injuries be prevented
correct posture and biomechanics
how to prevent lumbar spine injuries
avoid unnecessary stress and strains
correct biomechanics to maintain proper alignment
what questions should be asked to rule out possibility of spinal cord injuruy
what happened? did you hit something? did you lose consciousness?
pain in neck?
can you move ankles and toes?
equal strength in both hands?
what observational anomalies are you looking for in an assessment of the spine
asymmetries, willingness to move head.
how to evaluate thoracic spine
upper thoracic spine and shoulder ROM
thoracic pain
unwilling to rotate or side flex
how to evaluate sacroiliac joint
equal iliac crests.
symmetrical soft tissuies
what are the areas of interest when palpating the spine
spinous processes
transverse processes connect to ribs
sacrum and sacroiliac joint
how to cervical fractures most commonly occur
axial load with flexed spine
what are the signs of a cervical fracture
neck tenderness
restricted motion
cervical muscle spasms and pain
pain in chest and extremities
numb and weak limbs
how to strains of the neck and upper back usually happen
sudden unexpected head movements
what is acute torticollis (wryneck)
pain on one side after waking up. caused by synovial capsule impingement in a facet
same symptoms as acute strain of neck
can be treated using traction and soft tissue treatments
what is a brachial plexus neurapraxia or a burner
happens when the brachial plexus is stretched or compressed. common in contact sports
disrupts peripheral nerve function so it manifests as burning, numbing, pain and tingling sensation from shoulder to hand.
extent of nerve damage dictates recovery time
why does lower back pain usually happen
mechanical spine loading issues (posture, obesity, body mechanics)
back trauma
muscle imbalances
repetitive patterns
what is spondylolysis
stress fracture on one side of the lumbar vertebrae
symptoms include pain and lower back stiffness. needing to change positions frequently. segmental hypermobility
managed by exercises that strengthen lower back stability and core strength. reduce axial loading through spine while recovering.
what is the difference between spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
spondylolisthesis is both sides of vertebrae
what is a unique symptom of spondylolisthesis
vertebrae instability as the fracture on both sides disconnects that vertebrae from the others.
what is SI joint dysfunction
traumatic incident or muscle imbalances causing one illium to shift upwards. irritation and stressing of ligaments.
identified by pain in si joint and muscle guarding. pelvic asymmetries. radiating pain in groin and leg.
why are cerebral contusions and hematoma so dangerous
intracerebral hemorrhaging.
cerebral contusions and hematomas symptoms
lost or altered consciousness
head pain, dizziness, nausea, unequal pupils, altered vitals
what are some symptoms of a mandible fracture
numb lower lip
loss of occlusion of teeth
what is the management for a tooth fracture with no bleeding and a secure tooth
no management
what is hyphema
bleeding in the eye usually accompanied by heavy bruising of the eyelid and surrounding structures.
what is conjunctivitis
highly infectious eye infection. isolate player
how an a sport related concussion happen
direct block to head, neck or body
if SRC is suspected, what can be used to test
SCAT6 + subjective assessment
how to manage SRC
check for cervial spine injury
do not leave them alone
continual monitoring for a few hours following injury
describe the steps of RTL following SRC
1) daily activities
2) school activities
3) part time school
4) full time school
describe the steps of RTS following SRC
1) any activities that do not provoke symptoms
2) light risk free cardio
3) sport related exercise
4) no contact practice
5) regular practice (requires HCP approval)
6) competition/ game
