Memory

Question 1

Serial- Position Effect

Answer 1

Tendency to remember the first and last items rather than those in the middle

Question 2

Massed vs. Distributed Practice

Answer 2

Studying for an exam for three hours straight (massed) vs. studying for one hour each day over three days (distributed)

Question 3

Spacing Effect

Answer 3

The phenomenon where information is better retained when study sessions are spaced out rather than massed together.

Question 4

Shallow Encoding

Answer 4

Remembering a word’s spelling without understanding its meaning.

Question 5

Deep Encoding

Answer 5

Connecting new vocabulary words to personal experiences or emotions.

Question 6

Maintenance Rehearsal

Answer 6

A memory technique that involves repeating information to keep it in short-term memory
ex. repeating a number to yourself

Question 7

Elaborative Rehearsal

Answer 7

Creating a story to remember a list of words. linking new information to previously stored information

Question 8

Autobiographical Memory

Answer 8

A type of explicit memory that includes personal experiences and specific events in one’s life.
ex. Recalling your prom

Question 9

Explicit Memories

Answer 9

Factual information ex. Where you parked this morning or what dinner you have with a friend earlier last month

Question 10

Episodic Memories

Answer 10

Ability to listen, store and retrieve information about unique personal experiences happening in daily life

Question 11

Semantic Memories

Answer 11

is a type of long-term memory that refers to facts or ideas which are not immediately drawn from personal experience

Question 12

Implicit Memories

Answer 12

Forming term memory that doesn’t require only conscious retrieval

Question 13

Procedural Memories

Answer 13

Long-term memory individual performance of different actions and skills ex. riding a bike

Question 14

Encode

Answer 14

Meeting someone for the first time you associate their name with their face

Question 15

Storage

Answer 15

Meeting a celebrity will be stored as a long term memory

Question 16

Retrieval

Answer 16

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness

Question 17

Prospective Memory

Answer 17

The ability to remember to perform an action at a future point in time, like remembering to buy groceries on the way home.

Question 18

Context - Dependent Memory

Answer 18

If you studied for a test in a specific classroom, you might remember the material better when taking the test in the same room, as the environment serves as a cue.

Question 19

State- Dependent Memory

Answer 19

This memory effect occurs when information is more easily recalled if you’re in the same physical or emotional state as when you learned it.

Question 20

Mood- Congruent Memory

Answer 20

When feeling happy, you’re more likely to recall positive memories, like vacations or celebrations. and other way around with negative emotions

Question 21

Working Memory

Answer 21

Doing mental math for a type at a restaurant after found memory is forgotten

Question 22

Chunking

Answer 22

When trying to remember a long number, like 1234567890, you might chunk it into groups: 123-456-7890,

Question 23

Mnemonic Devices

Answer 23

“Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally” They often involve rhymes, acronyms, or visual imagery.

Question 24

Method of Loci

Answer 24

To remember a shopping list, you could imagine each item placed in different rooms of your house. Mentally “walking” through your home later helps you recall each item by location.

Question 25

Long Term Potentiation

Answer 25

Practicing a skill repeatedly, like playing the piano, making it easier to recall and perform over time.

Question 26

Structural Processing

Answer 26

focuses on the physical appearance or structure of information rather than its meaning.

Question 27

Phonemic Processing

Answer 27

Repeating a word out loud or noticing that “cat” and “hat” rhyme focuses on the sound aspect of words rather than their meaning.

Question 28

Semantic Processing

Answer 28

When studying vocabulary, thinking about the meaning of each word and how it can be used in a sentence enhances understanding

Question 29

Automatic Processing

Answer 29

Stereotyping popping into the mind after seeing an member of a stereotyped group

Question 30

Effortful Processing

Answer 30

Necessities our conscious effort and attention to commit to memory

Question 31

Iconic Memory

Answer 31

Brefitly holding visual information
ex. lighting bolt appears in the mind for only a few short seconds

Question 32

Echoic Memory

Answer 32

Quickly storing auditory information