Memory

Question 1

What is rehearsal?

Answer 1

The process of repeatedly practicing material, so that it enters long-term memory

Question 2

What is semantic encoding?

Answer 2

Meaningful encoding (based on meaning)

Question 3

What is sensory memory? Functions? How long does it last? What is their capacity?

Answer 3

Function: Holding bin for memory
Lasts: 1/2 second or less
Capacity: grabs on to everything about us but we remember only what we pay attention to

Question 4

What is short-term memory? Functions? How long does it last? What is their capacity?

Answer 4

Functions: keep a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time
Lasts: 20-30 seconds
Capacity: we remember 5-9 things at a time

Question 5

What is long-term memory? Functions? How long does it last? What is their capacity?

Answer 5

Function: store information for long periods of time
Lasts: typically for life
Capacity: unlimited

Question 6

What is chunking?

Answer 6

Grouping together similar things to better remember

Question 7

What are the components of Baddeley’s Working Memory model?

Answer 7

Phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, maintenance rehearsal –> central executive

Question 8

What is the phonological loop?

Answer 8

We remember shorter words better than longer words

Question 9

What is the visuospatial sketchpad?

Answer 9

Hard to do large mental problems because it’s hard to go back when moving on to the next step

Question 10

What are the 2 different type of long-term memory?

Answer 10

1. Declarative memory - things you can state
2. Procedural memory - memory of how to do things (muscle memory)

Question 11

What are the different types of declarative memory?

Answer 11

1. Semantic memory - memory of facts
2. Episodic memory - memory of events/things you experience

Question 12

What is encoding specificity? Examples?

Answer 12

External cues
Examples: location, sounds, and smells

Question 13

What is state-dependent learning? Examples?

Answer 13

Internal Cues
Examples: mood, alertness/sloppiness, drug-induced states, hypnotic state, illness

Question 14

What are the 7 sins of memory?

Answer 14

Transience, misattribution, absent-mindedness, blocking, suggestibility, bias, and persistence

Question 15

What is transience?

Answer 15

The simple passage of time will diminish your memory

Question 16

What is misattribution?

Answer 16

Mixing up memories, adding elements from one memory to another

Question 17

What is absent-mindedness?

Answer 17

Not paying attention when doing something and doing the wrong thing

Question 18

What is blocking?

Answer 18

Memories interfere with our recall

Question 19

What are the 2 forms of blocking?

Answer 19

1. Proactive interference: old information interferes with the ability to recall new information
2. Retroactive interference: new information interferes with the ability to recall old information

Question 20

What is suggestibility?

Answer 20

Someone’s suggestions can change your memory

Question 21

What are the 3 forms of bias?

Answer 21

1. Consistency bias: we are less consistent without actions and attitudes than we lead on
2. Change bias (rosy retrospective): not recognizing that some things do change and some things don’t
3. Egocentric bias: we remember ourselves as being better than we actually were

Question 22

What is persistence?

Answer 22

Forget what we want to remember and remember what we want to forget