memory Flashcards
what are the 3 conditions of recall/retrieval?
recognition, cued recall and free recall
Define the retrieval by recognition
identifying information you know, looking at a list of possible answers
Define the retrieval by cued recall
remembering information by being given a clue
Define the retrieval by free recall
Remembering without clues
How are memories encoded?
by visual, acoustic and semantic encoding
Define encoding
Altering the form of information so that it can be held and stored in the brain
Define storage
keeping/holding of information in the brain
Define retrieval
accessing information that has been stored in the brain
Define memory
a cognitive process of encoding, storing and retrieving information from the brain
Describe the difference between ‘attention’ and ‘rehearsal’ as part of the
memory process (exam style q.)
Attention is when a person notices and is interested in a particular stimulus whereas rehearsal is not (1) because rehearsal is when a person repeats information again and again in an effort to remember it (1)
What are the processes of memory
encoding, storing and retrieving
Define semantic encoding
Memory recorded(encoded) on the basis/terms of meaning or words
Define acoustic encoding
Memory of how something sounds like
Define visual encoding
Mental image of memory
Define tactile encoding
How are memories encoded?
Ezra is studying and has tried staring at the text book, reading it out loud and re-writing info.
Identify the different ways in which Ezra learns. Refer to the different types of encoding in your answer. [3 marks]
Ezra uses multiple types of encoding in his learning process: when Ezra re-writes passages from the textbook into his own words, he is engaging in semantic encoding. This involves processing the meaning of the information(1). Also, Ezra tries “staring at the textbook,” which involves visual encoding(1). Lastly, Ezra also attempts “reading the page out loud,” which involves acoustic encoding as he processes the sound of the words(1).
Daisy did a test a day after studying for an exam. She remembers partially of the info, until she glances at key words and fully remembers it all. Why couldn’t she recall some information during the test? [2]
Some information may have been lost from his memory over time, a natural process known as decay(1). Also, without the presence of appropriate cues, Ezra may have struggled to access all the stored information. This is evidenced by his improved recall when given key words from his notes, which acted as retrieval cues(1).
