Memory Flashcards
What was geiselman et al (1986) study on the cognitive interview
stages sit, an intruder carrying blue bag entered room and stole projector
2 days later RPS were questioned about the event they used independent group design and questioned using standard interview or the cognitive interview
Early in the morning they were asked if they throught the guy with the green backpack was nervous
Later on asked what colour the mans bag was
What were the results of geiselman et als (1986) study on the cognitive interview
Participants in the cog interview conditions were less likely to recall the bag as being green than in standard interview meaning cog interview reduces the effects of leading questions
High EV but doesnt take into account individual differences different people are more suseptable to LQ’s than others
What was sperlings 1960 study on SR and results
Lab experiment participants shown a gird with 3 rows of 4 letters for 50 milliseconds
They had to either immediately recall either while grid or one row indicated by a different tone of sound
When RPS had to recall the whole grid they manages 4/5 letters on average when asked to recall a row they could only remember 3
What were the conclusion and evaluation of sperlings 1960 study on SR
Participant didnt know which row was going to be chosen so could be concluded that they could have recalled 3 from any row meaning that the info was held in the SR
They couldn’t recall the whole grid as it had faded before they could finish recall
Highly scientific variables controlled easy to replicate
Artificial lacking EV normally people don’t have yo recall letters
What was the study by Peterson and Peterson on duration of STM
Participants shown nonsense trigrams (CVM) and asked them to recall them after either 3,6,9,12,15 or 18 seconds
During the pause they were asked to count back in 3s from a given number (interference task) to prevent then repeating the numbers
After 3 seconds: participants could recall 80% correctly
After 18s they could recall 10% correctly
What were the conclusions and evaluations of study by Peterson and Peterson on duration of STM
When rehearsal prevented very little can stay in STM for longer than 18s
Results likely to be reliable, lab experiment where variables are tightly controlled
Artificial so lacks EV
Only one type of stimulus used, duration May depend on type of stimulus used
What was the study by Bahrick et al 1975 on VLTMs
392 people asked I lit band of their ex class mates (free recall)
Then shown photos and asked to recall the names of them (photo recognition) and then match name to photo (name-recognition)
Within 15yrs of leaving school participants could recognize about 90% of name and faces They were about 60% accurate on free recall
After 30 years free recall 30%
After 48 name 80% and photo 40%
What is the conclusion and evaluation of the study by Bahrick et al 1975 on VLTMs
Evidence for VLTMs in real life settin
Recognition better than recall no way of knowing why we recall the info
High EV in real life it’s hard to control variables
Meaningful info is sorted better
Can’t be generalized to other type of info in LTM
