memory

Question 1

multi store model

Answer 1

sensory memory > short term memory > long term memory

Question 2

features of the memory stores

Answer 2

sensory memory
coding - modality specific (senses)
capacity - very high
duration - less than half a second

short term memory
coding - acoustically
capacity - 5-9 items
duration - around 18 seconds

long term memory
coding - semantically
capacity - practically unlimited
duration - potentially a lifetime

Question 3

evaluation of multi- store model

Answer 3

research on coding
Baddeley (1966)
groups were given:
- acoustically similar
- acoustically dissimilar
- semantically similar
- semantically dissimilar

research on capacity
Jacobs (1887)
read out increasing numbers of digits and asked participants to recall them until they could no longer remember them correctly.

Miller (1956)found that capacity of short term memory is around 5-9 items but can be increase through chunking

research on duration
Peterson & Peterson (1959) gave students consonant syllables to remember and
asked them to count backwards from a 3 digit number, stopping at different time intervals. Average recall dropped to 3% after 18 seconds

Question 4

types of long term memory

Answer 4

Episodic - memories of events, include a time stamp

semantic - memory for facts and knowledge - usually start as episodic memories

procedural - memory of how to do things - requires repetition and practice

Question 5

evaluation of long term memory

Answer 5

Brain Scans- Tulving (1989) performed brain scan on volunteers- when they used their episodic memory the frontal cortex was activated

Real world Applications- Belleville (2006) devised an intervention to improve episodic memory in older people

Question 6

features of the Working Memory Model

Answer 6

Central Executive- drives the system and decides how attention is directed