memory Flashcards

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1
Q

who made the multi-store model

A

Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)

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2
Q

describe the multi-store model

A

information is picked up by the sensory register, if paid attention to the information is passed onto the STM where it is then stored for 18-30 seconds. if the information is rehearsed it can be transferred to the LTM which has unlimited capacity and duration. however if the information is not rehearsed whilst in the STM then retrieval failure can occur and the information can decay.

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3
Q

what is the AO3 of the MSM

A

strengths : KF case study, inspired further research

weaknesses: low ecological validity, over-simplified and vague

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4
Q

what are the 3 types of encoding

A

procedural (visual), acoustic and semantic

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5
Q

encoding, capacity and duration of sensory register

A

encoding - echoic
capacity - unlimited
duration - 250ms - 2s

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6
Q

encoding, capacity and duration of STM

A

encoding - acoustic
capacity - 5-9 items
duration - 18-30 seconds

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7
Q

encoding, capacity and duration of LTM

A

encoding - semantic
capacity - unlimited
duration - unlimited

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8
Q

three types of LTM

A

episodic - time stamped events (declarative)
semantic - encyclopedia/dictionary (declarative)
procedural - how we do things (non-declarative)

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9
Q

who created the working memory model

A

Baddeley and Hitch (1974)

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10
Q

describe the working memory model

A

central executive - dominant control
phonological loop - phonological store (inner ear) articulatory control system (inner mouth)
LTM
episodic buffer
visuo-spatial sketchpad - dual-tasking (inner eye)

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11
Q

AO3 of the WMM

A

strengths : idea old dual-tasking is addressed
KF case study

weaknesses : still evolving (episodic buffer came along in 2000)
central executive’s role is vague

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12
Q

explanations for forgetting

A

retroactive interference - old information affecting your ability to recall new information
proactive interference - new information affecting your ability to recall old information
contextual cues - individuals are able to recall information better in the place they learnt it

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13
Q

factors that can affect the accuracy of eyewitness testimony

A

reconstructive memory, leading questions, anxiety and post-event discussion

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14
Q

how do you improve the accuracy of eyewitness testimonies?

A

through the use of cognitive interviews

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15
Q

the four techniques of cognitive interviews

A

recall everything - individual is asked to recall everything no matter how irrelevant they may deem
reinstate context - this is to return the interviewee to the emotional state they were in when the event took place to get situational context to aid memory
change order - change the order of events to aid memory
change perspective - ask the individual to recall from a different perspective to possibly aid memory

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