Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology: Dr Honey > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is meant by duration of memory?

A

The length of time info can be stored in the memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is meant by capacity of memory?

A

The amount of info that can be stored in the memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is meant by coding of memory?

A

Sensory info is modified and stored in the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the different types of memory store?

A

Sensory register
Short term memory
Long term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the capacity of sensory memory?

A

SS has a large capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the capacity of STM?

A

Limited capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the capacity of LTM?

A

Unlimited capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is STM often assessed?

A

STM is measured using a digit span task.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did Jacob’s research find on capacity?

A

He found the average span for numbers to be 9.3 items. For letters it was 7.3 items.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did Miller’s research find on capacity?

A

The ‘magic number’ was 7 +/- 2 items. We are good at remembering 5-9 items.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did Miller suggest about chunking?

A

He argued that our capacity for remembering info can be increased if we chunk items together. If we find links between things and group them together we will remember more.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the duration of memory in the sensory store?

A

Less than a second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the duration of STM?

A

18-30 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the duration of LTM?

A

Potentially lasts forever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the procedure of Peterson and Peterson?

A

Each of 8 trials- Ppts given a constant trigram and a 3 digit number. Asked to recall the consonant syllables after intervals of 3 6 9 12 15 18 seconds. To prevent rehearsal, Ppts asked to count back from their 3 digit number.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What were the findings of Peterson and Peterson?

A

3 secs= 80% successful recall
9 secs= 20% successful recall
Duration of STM= less than 18 secs
Duration of LTM= 48 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was the procedure of Bahrick et al?

A

Tested photo recognition and free name recall from Ppts high school yearbooks. 392 Ppts from 17-74 years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What were the findings of bahrick et al?

A

Ppts tested in 15 years after graduation were 90% accurate. After 48 years= 70% accurate
Free recall: after 15 years, 60% accurate
After 48 years= 30% accurate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is info encoded in the SS?

A

Modality specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is info encoded in the STM?

A

Acoustically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is info encoded in the LTM?

A

Semantically

22
Q

What was the procedure of Baddeley (1966)?

A

Ppts were given a list of words and asked to recall them in the correct order. STM= recall them immediately after hearing them. LTM= recall after 20 mins

23
Q

What were the findings of Baddeley (1966)?

A

Ppts had difficulty remembering acoustically similar words when tested immediately but no difficulty remembering acoustically similar words after 20 mins. Ppts had difficulty remembering semantically similar words when tested after 20 mins but no difficulty remembering semantically similar words immediately.

24
Q

What is a model?

A

Visual representation of how something works and allows predictions to be made about human behaviour.

25
Q

What is significant about the MSM model?

A

First model of memory so is very influential- inspiring significant amount of research.

26
Q

How many memory stores does it suggest individuals have?

A

3 separate and distinct stores- differ in coding, capacity, duration

27
Q

How does info pass through each store?

A

Linear, sequential model;
Info passes through the stores in order and has the pass through one to get to the next if certain conditions are met.

28
Q

How does info transfer to the STM?

A

If attention is focused on this info then it will be transferred to the STM

29
Q

What stores are with the sensory register?

A

Iconic store: visual images kept for a short period.
Echoic store: auditory senses kept for a short period.
Haptic store: sensory memory retains physical senses of touch and internal muscle tensions.

30
Q

How can info get lost in the STM?

A

Info will decay if it is not rehearsed. New info can also push out old info due to STMs limited capacity = displacement

31
Q

How does info enter the LTM?

A

Moved from STM to LTM via the maintenance rehearsal

32
Q

How does info get recalled from the LTM?

A

When info needs to be recalled it is rehearsed back into the STM

33
Q

What is working memory?

A

Limited capacity store for retaining info for a small amount of time while performing mental operations on that info. Memory is active.

34
Q

What is the role of the CE?

A

Supervisory role, doesn’t store info. Limited processing capacity.
- directs attention to tasks and makes decisions
- allocates tasks to the slave systems
- data arrives from the senses or from the LTM

35
Q

What is the role of the PL?

A

Processes auditory info. Codes info acoustically and has a limited capacity of 2 seconds worth of info .
Baddeley (1986) further subdivided it:
- phonological store = acoustic info
- articulatory control process = inner voice

36
Q

What is the word length effect?

A

Immediate memory span is better with short words rather than long words. It’s explained by the fact that short words can be silently articulated before they decay.

37
Q

What is the role of the VSS?

A

Processes visual and spatial info. Visual = what things look like, spatial = relationship between things.
Limited capacity of 3-4 things
- visual cache stores info about visual items
- inner scribe stores the arrangement of object for spatial relations

38
Q

What is the dual task technique?

A

Performance measured as Ppts perform 2 tasks simultaneously. Baddeley et al’s model found that if one store is utilised for both tasks then task performance is poorer than due to the stores limited capacity. If the tasks are using the same component processing will slow down.

39
Q

What is the role of the EB?

A

Temporary store, integrates info from other slave systems. Baddeley later added EB as he realised model needs a general store as the slave systems deal with specific types of info and the CE has no storage capacity.

40
Q

What is the capacity of the EB?

A

4 chunks and maintains a sense of time sequencing- recording events that are happening. Sends info to the LTM store.

41
Q

Who proposed there a 3 types of LTM?

A

Endel Tulving proposed 3 different types and each contain different info (1967)

42
Q

What is the episodic memory?

A

Knowledge of personal events.
Declarative memory
Time stamped
Associated with hippocampus and right prefrontal cortex
E.g. 1st day at school

43
Q

What is the semantically memory?

A

Storing info about the world.
Knowledge of the meaning of words as well as general knowledge.
Declarative memory.
Associated with prefrontal cortex
Not time stamped
E.g. London = capital of England

44
Q

What is procedural memory?

A

Knowing how to do things and carry out complex motor tasks
Memories are hard to explain
Not have to be consciously recalled
Time stamped
Associated with cerebellum and motor cortex
E.g. how to ride a bike

45
Q

What do psychologists believe about LTM?

A

Once info has reached the LTM store it is permanent but problems occur accessing the info

46
Q

What is interference?

A

2 pieces of info conflict with each other. Can result in forgetting one or both pieces of info or a distortion of memory

47
Q

What is proactive interference?

A

Occurs when an older memory interferes with a newer one.

48
Q

What is the procedure for McGeoch and McDonald (1931)?

A

Ppts learn a list of 10 adjectives (list A) and then one of six other lists (list B) which varied in similarity to list A:
1. Synonyms
2. Antonyms
3. Unrelated words
4. Consonant syllables
5. 3 digit numbers
6. No list

49
Q

What were the results for McGeoch and McDonald?

A

Found recall was worse when listening to A and B were closest in similarity

50
Q

What was the effect of similarity?

A

The more similar the new material is to the previously learnt material, the greater the interference

Psychology: Dr Honey (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions