Memory

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

Attention
Decision making/Problem solving
Language
Memory
Perception
Thinking

Question 2

Memory

Answer 2

Stages –sensory, short-term memory, long-term memory.

Processes –encoding, storage, retrieval.

Types –implicit memory (procedural memory), explicit memory (semantic memory, episodic memory).

Question 3

Sensory Memory

Answer 3

Unlimited capacity, the information is collected by our senses as it registers in our brains.

Visual information enters the visual store called iconic memory and is stored in images.

Auditory information enters the auditory store called echoic memory and is stored in sounds.

Attention to these senses is the process responsible for the information from sensory stores to STM.

Question 4

Short-Term Memory

Answer 4

Short-term memory is the capacity for carrying a small amount of information in an active, readily available state for a short interval.

Short-term memory (without rehearsal) is estimated to be on the order of seconds. The capacity of 7 items, found in Miller’s Law, has been superseded by 4±1 items.

Question 5

Long-term Memory

Answer 5

Long-term memory (LTM) is the stage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model in which information is retained for however long. LTM uses a semantic code, a code based on meaning so what is stored in LTM is the meaning of the information processed.
Information is recalled from the LTM by retrieval.

Implicit memory is unconscious recall, like skills and habits, while explicit memory is conscious recall of facts and events.

Question 6

Flashbulb memory

Answer 6

A flashbulb memory is a long-lasting memory about a surprising or shocking event that has happened in the past.