Memory Flashcards
Encoding
Process of interpreting inputs, creating a context or a label, through a mixture of conscious and preconscious components, based on perception, experience and expectation
Storage
Keeping information to be used, in short or long term. This process is dependent on many aspects, but mostly on the usefulness of the information encoded, creating neural loops
Retrieval
Ability to replicate the information stored. This process can be spontaneous or need prompting
Span
Number of items an individual can recall in a working memory test, with the average for adults being 7 ± 2.
Recognition
Process of remembering a pattern, event or procedure when the individual is faced with the situation. Mostly is this ability involved in awareness and perception
Recall
Ability to spontaneously replicate previous knowledge on a matter, with the purpose of solving a problem
Relearning
Correlation between previous knowledge that was not used for many years but is still necessary for acquiring new information
Forgetting
Loss of information/non consolidation of information that was already stored in long term memory. This process can be spontaneous or gradual and extinguish the possibilities for recognition, recall and relearning
Short Term Memory
STM refers to the very short time an information can be kept, before either consolidation or forgetting. The term is closely related to ”working memory” and describes the maintenance of information for 100ms to (less than) one minute.
Long Term Memory
Describes information that is kept for future use with the time varying in the definition, from minutes/hours to days.
The consolidation of memory is associated to its importance, being modulated by SE and NE
Working memory
The term working memory is mostly used to describe the activation of the necessary neural pathways, involving the PFC, visual cortex and the Broca area, also known as the visual loop and the phonological loop
Which types on sensory memory can be physiologically recognised?
Iconic (image)
Echoic (sound)
Haptic (touch)
What’s Priming is?
Priming is described as a non-conscious form of memory, involved in the perception of objects, words or concepts, by identifying associations before concluding a task.
What is a procedural memory?
A type of implicit long-term memory related to motor skills, considered mostly non-conscious, with cortical and subcortical elements.
What is a declarative memory?
A type of explicit long- or short-term memory related events that can be described through any form of verbal communication.
Declarative memory can be dived in:
Episodic memory: the memory of specific events, reconstructing what happened at any given point in life. It is composed of the emotional charge and the entire context surrounding an event, rather than just the bare facts of it.
Semantic memory: a more structured record of facts, definitions and general knowledge of the external world. It is based on factual knowledge, shared with others, free of personal experience and of the spatial/temporal context in which it was acquired. Semantic memories are based on episodic memories, but now they stand alone as simple factual knowledge.
