memory

Question 1

what is encoding?

Answer 1

translating information into a form that can be understood by the brain

Question 2

what is retrieval?

Answer 2

when info is located in the brain and is brought back

Question 3

what is storage?

Answer 3

when information is kept in your brain for a period of time, even up to a lifetime.

Question 4

3 ways to retrieve memory

Answer 4

recognition, cued recall, free recall

Question 5

recognition

Answer 5

remembering an item based on the fact that you have seen it before

Question 6

cued recall

Answer 6

when you are struggling to recall info and are given a ‘clue’ or ‘cue’ when can help u remember it

Question 7

free recall

Answer 7

when you are able to remember info without cues or help

Question 8

visual encoding

Answer 8

when info is encoded in terms of how it looks

Question 9

acoustic encoding

Answer 9

when info is encoded in terms of sound

Question 10

semantic encoding

Answer 10

when info is encoded in terms of its meaning

Question 11

AO3 Baddeley’s research (weakness)

Answer 11

a weakness is that long-term memory may not have been tested in the study. ppts were asked to wait 20 mins before recalling the words. this does not mean the words are in long-term memory. therefore, this may mean that the conclusion that long term memory encodes acoustically may not be accurate.

Question 12

3 types of LTM

Answer 12

episodic, semantic, procedural

Question 13

episodic

Answer 13

these are based on our experience in life. often you can remember the where, who, what, when, and why, and even how

Question 14

semantic

Answer 14

semantic memory is all about meaning. this is based on the knowledge you share with others. this is not related to time or an event it is based on what we all know. (a table)

Question 15

procedural

Answer 15

this memory is sometimes known as muscle memory. this is based on remembering HOW to do things. we recall these memories without putting much thought into them.

Question 16

primacy effect

Answer 16

refers to what happens first. words at the start of the list are more likely to be recalled compared to words in the middle of the list. this is because they have been rehearsed quite well b4 they are recalled and have become long-term memories.

Question 17

recency effect

Answer 17

refers to what happened more recently. the words that appear at the end of the list are more likely to be recalled than words in the middle as they have been heard more recently and will still be in the STM

Question 18

serial position effect

Answer 18

describes the tendency of people to recall the first and last words of the list. the position of the word on the list influences the likelihood of their recall