Memory Flashcards
What is the definition of memory?
The storage and retention of information, experiences, and knowledge. As well as being able to retrieve this information
What are the 3 types of memory processes?
Registration, storage, retrieval
What are the 3 types of memory?
Ultra short-term, short-term, long-term
Definition of ultra short-term memory?
Stores information for a very short time and acts as a buffer for the sensory receptors
What are the two classifications of ultra short-term memory?
Iconic and echoic memory
What is iconic memory?
Stores visual information for up to half a second
What is echoic memory?
Stores sounds for up to two seconds
What does ultra short-term memory allow the person to do?
To make sense of the world as it unfolds
What is the definition of short-term memory?
When a portion of information received into sensory stores, and allows us to store information long enough to use it
What is short-term memory sometimes called?
Working memory
How much and long can short-term memory store?
Up to 9 items for 10-20 seconds
How can the capacity of short-term memory be enhanced?
By splitting information into chunks
How are chunk sizes determined?
By the individuals familiarity with information, normally prior experience and context
How can short-term memory be extended?
Through rehearsal (mental repetition)
What is the definition of long-term memory?
Storage of information not currently being used
What is the capacity of long-term memory?
Unlimited
What does long-term memory normally contain?
Knowledge of the world, personal experience, beliefs about people, motor programmes, and abilities
What are the two types of long-term memory?
Semantic and episodic
What is semantic memory?
The storage of general and factual knowledge about the world. It’s knowledge is not tied to where and when the knowledge was acquired
What is episodic memory?
The referral to memory of specific events, such as past experiences
How is episodic memory influenced?
By a persons expectations of what should have happened. Thus two peoples recollection of the same event can differ
