Memory

Question 1

Types of long term memory

Answer 1

Episodic, semantic, procedural

Question 2

What does the wmm include

Answer 2

Central executive, phonological loop, Visuo-spacial sketchpad and episodic buffer

Question 3

Explanations on forgetting

Answer 3

Proactive and retroactive interference and retrieval failure due to absence of cues

Question 4

Factors affecting the accuracy of eye whiteness testimony

Answer 4

Misleading information( ie leading questions and post event discussions, anxiety

Question 5

What are the 5 senses in the sensory memory

Answer 5

Seeing, hearing, smell, touch, taste

Question 6

Who made the msm

Answer 6

Atkinson and shiffrin

Question 7

What is encoded information

Answer 7

How stores in memory systems process information

Question 8

What is the capacity for stm

Answer 8

7+/-2

Question 9

What is the duration for stm

Answer 9

18secs

Question 10

What is the capacity of ltm

Answer 10

unlimited

Question 11

Duration of ltm

Answer 11

Depends on how long we live

Question 12

Encoding for stm

Answer 12

Acoustic

Question 13

Encoding for ltm

Answer 13

Semantic

Question 14

Procedural memory

Answer 14

Studied by Fitts(1954)
Long term memory store for our knowledge of how to do things. We recall these memories without a conscious effort

Question 15

Interference

Answer 15

Forgetting because one memory blocks another causing one or both memories to be distorted or forgotten

Question 16

Retro active interference

Answer 16

When newer memories disrupt older memories

Question 17

Proactive interference

Answer 17

When older memories affect new ones

Question 18

Episodic buffer

Answer 18

Keeps events in a time line
Produced by baddeley
Takes information from the wmm and creates and binds it together for example
Imagine you are walking down the street and you see a red car. The visual information about the car is processed by the visual-spatial sketchpad, while the color red is processed by the phonological loop. The episodic buffer integrates these two types of information into a single representation, so that you can remember seeing a red car later on.

Question 19

Articulatory process

Answer 19

Part of the phonological loop which allows us to repeat stuff in our head ( maintenance rehearsal)

Question 20

Maintenance rehersal

Answer 20

When you repeat things in your head over and over again to remember things for a short amount of time. Not for long term

Question 21

Baddeleys lab experiment on encoding stm and ltm

Answer 21

how info is converted into a form the brain can store

Question 22

Procedure of baddeleys experiment

Answer 22

Participants were divided into 4 groups, each group was given a list (iv)
Group 1 -acoustically similar
Group 2 acoustically dissimilar
Group 3 -semantically similar
Group 4- semantically dissimilar

Question 23

Findings of the baddeley encoding study

Answer 23

For those participants take part in the stm study- acoustically similar performed the worst recall do 10%.
Recall for the other lists was comparitivelg good(60-80%)

Question 24

Capacity -Jacobs digit span test

Answer 24

To investigate the capacity of stm

Question 25

Procedure of jacobs study

Answer 25

Jacobs read aloud lists of either letters or numbers. He gradually increased the length of these lists until ppts could only successfully recall them 50% of the time.

Question 26

Jacobs stm findings

Answer 26

stm capacity for numbers was 9 where as letters was 7.

Question 27

Evaluation of jacobs stm study

Answer 27

Strength - used a wide age range in his sample
Weaknesses - conducted a long time ago

Question 28

Stm for duration Peterson and Peterson

Answer 28

Investigate the duration of stm when no rehearsal is allowed

Question 29

Procedure of p&p experiment

Answer 29

Ppts where read a nonsense trigram and then asked to count backwards In threes starting from 3 digit numbers for a specified time period. This was called the retention interval and varied from 3 to 18 secs. The counting backwards acted as a distraction task designed to prevent rehearsal.

Question 30

Conclusion of p&p study

Answer 30

Without rehearsal stms duration is very short

Question 31

Bahrick ltm for duration study

Answer 31

To investigate the existence of very long term memories using real life memories

Question 32

Bahricks procedure

Answer 32

400 ppts ranging in age feom 17 to 74 were asked to remember the names of classmates from their high school. They were also shown a set of photos and lists of names. Some of which were ex school friends. They had to identify their ex school friends.

Question 33

Bahricks findings

Answer 33

Those who’d left high school within the previous 1.5 years recalled 90% of the Dave’s and names in the recognition Task. Those who’d left 48years recalled 80% of the names and 70% of the faces

Question 34

Eye witness testimony lofftus and Palmer leading questions

Answer 34

45 ppts shown 7films of different traffic accidents. The ppts were asked if there was any smashed glass. The ppts given the stronger word said yes

Question 35

Improving eyewitness testimony- cognitive interview

Answer 35

Police technique for interviewing witnesses to reduce inaccurate info from leading questions

Question 36

4 stages of cognitive interview

Answer 36

Mental reinstatement
Report everything
Change order
Change perspective

Question 37

Evaluation of cog interview

Answer 37

+effective and increases accuracy
- time consuming for police, artificial research, different police regions will use different techniques

Question 38

Where is semantic info in the brain

Answer 38

Left prefrontal cortex

Question 39

Where is episodic in the brain

Answer 39

Right prefrontal cortex

Question 40

Where is Procedural in the brain

Answer 40

In the cerebellum and the basal ganglia

Question 41

Wmm eval

Answer 41

+There is supporting evidence ( the dual task studies)
Case study evidence =Km and Clive wearing and kf
+ brain scan evidence that can look into different parts of the brain that are active depending on the component in use