Memory Flashcards
Encoding
Converting information into a different form or representation, e.g., physical sensory information is transformed into a representation suitable for storage in memory.
Storage
The act or process of storing anything, e.g., storing encoded information in memory for subsequent retrieval.
Retrieval
The act or process of retrieving anything, e.g., recovering encoded information from storage in memory and bringing it into consciousness.
Short-term Memory
A memory system capable of holding a limited amount of information for brief periods (Coleman, 2015)
Long-Term Memory
A type of memory containing information that is stored for periods ranging from about 30s to many decades (Coleman, 2015)
Unitary-store models
feature a single memory store
Multi-store models
feature several memory stores
Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)
Multi-Store Model
Iconic memory
visual information (250-1000ms)
Echoic memory
auditory information (2-3s)
Baddeley and Hitch (1974)
Working Memory Model
Visual cache
the part of visuospatial sketchpad that stores information about visual form and colour
Inner scribe
the part of visuospatial sketchpad dealing with spatial and movement information
Phonological Loop
A component of working memory in which speech-based information is processed and stored briefly and subvocal articulation occurs
Articulatory suppression
a rapid repetition of a simple sound which used the articulatory control processes in the phonological loop. E.g., repeating the numbers 1-8 in your head while trying to remember lists of words
Executive processes/functions
Processes that organise and coordinate the functioning of the cognitive system to achieve current goals
Dysexecutive syndrome
a condition in which damage to the frontal lobes causes impairments to the central executive component of working memory
Proactive Interference
Impairment of learning or performance of a task caused by having previously learnt similar information or a similar task (Coleman, 2015)
Retroactive Interference
Impairment of memory for previously learnt information, or performance of a previously learnt task, caused by subsequent learning of similar information or a similar task (Coleman, 2015)
