Memory

Question 1

Encoding

Answer 1

Converting information into a different form or representation, e.g., physical sensory information is transformed into a representation suitable for storage in memory.

Question 2

Storage

Answer 2

The act or process of storing anything, e.g., storing encoded information in memory for subsequent retrieval.

Question 3

Retrieval

Answer 3

The act or process of retrieving anything, e.g., recovering encoded information from storage in memory and bringing it into consciousness.

Question 4

Short-term Memory

Answer 4

A memory system capable of holding a limited amount of information for brief periods (Coleman, 2015)

Question 5

Long-Term Memory

Answer 5

A type of memory containing information that is stored for periods ranging from about 30s to many decades (Coleman, 2015)

Question 6

Unitary-store models

Answer 6

feature a single memory store

Question 7

Multi-store models

Answer 7

feature several memory stores

Question 8

Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)

Answer 8

Multi-Store Model

Question 9

Iconic memory

Answer 9

visual information (250-1000ms)

Question 10

Echoic memory

Answer 10

auditory information (2-3s)

Question 11

Baddeley and Hitch (1974)

Answer 11

Working Memory Model

Question 12

Visual cache

Answer 12

the part of visuospatial sketchpad that stores information about visual form and colour

Question 13

Inner scribe

Answer 13

the part of visuospatial sketchpad dealing with spatial and movement information

Question 14

Phonological Loop

Answer 14

A component of working memory in which speech-based information is processed and stored briefly and subvocal articulation occurs

Question 15

Articulatory suppression

Answer 15

a rapid repetition of a simple sound which used the articulatory control processes in the phonological loop. E.g., repeating the numbers 1-8 in your head while trying to remember lists of words

Question 16

Executive processes/functions

Answer 16

Processes that organise and coordinate the functioning of the cognitive system to achieve current goals

Question 17

Dysexecutive syndrome

Answer 17

a condition in which damage to the frontal lobes causes impairments to the central executive component of working memory

Question 18

Proactive Interference

Answer 18

Impairment of learning or performance of a task caused by having previously learnt similar information or a similar task (Coleman, 2015)

Question 19

Retroactive Interference

Answer 19

Impairment of memory for previously learnt information, or performance of a previously learnt task, caused by subsequent learning of similar information or a similar task (Coleman, 2015)