Memory Flashcards
What is the consolidation of memory?
The storage of immediate or short term memories into long term memory
What is a normal part of the memory process, that can happen at any step of the memory process?
Forgetting
What is the memory process pathway?
Immediate memory ( Fractions of a second ) -> Short-term ( seconds to minutes ) -> and Longterm ( Days to years )
Working memory can be thought of as what type of memory?
Short term memory
What is working memory and what is it closely related to?
Short-term memory, order of seconds to minutes, which is closely related to attention.
What are of the brain is crucial for working memory?
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)
What plays an important role for the consolidation of memories into long-term storage?
Sleep
What is long term memory?
An engram - a more permanent memory trace. Believed to be the result of changes in synaptic plasticity and the strength of synaptic connections between neurons.
What are the two types of long term memory?
Declarative memory and non-declarative memory
What is declarative memory ( Explicit Memory )?
Conscious memory, things that be stated when asked about. Events and facts.
What is non-declarative memory ( implicit memory )?
Unconscious memory. Procedural memory. Perceptual representation system, classical conditioning, and non-associative learning.
What part of the brain is responsible for priming?
Neocortex
What part of the brain is responsible for procedural ( skills and habits )?
The striatum
What part of the brain is responsible for associative learning ( classical and operant conditioning )?
The amygdala is responsible for emotional responses, and the cerebellum is responsible for the skeletal musculature
What are the reflex pathways responsible for?
Non-associative learning: Habituation and sensitization
What is perceptual priming?
A change in the processing of a stimulus due to a previous encounter with the same or related stimulus - potentially without awareness of the original encounter
Is perceptual priming an example of top down or bottom up processing?
Top down processing, because these are things we have seen before, that now influence our perception of new stimuli.
What is procedural memory?
Required for tasks that include learning motor skills and cognitive skills ( like reading )
What doesn’t procedural memory require?
Requires no explicit knowledge that a skill was learned
What is unique about amnesic patients in relation to memory?
Amnesic patients can still have in-tact procedural memory
Where in the brain is declarative memory stored?
Medial temporal lobe
Declarative memory ( explicit memory ) can be split into what two categories?
Facts ( semantic ) and Events ( episodic )
What is the case of patient H.M.?
Patient Henry Molaison had a bilateral temporal lobectomy to treat seizures. After surgery, the patient suffered from global amnesia, which is the inability to form new memories. He also could not remember the past 11 years of his life prior to the surgery.
What are amyloid plaques?
Amyloid plaques AB, result from cleavage for the amyloid precursor protein ( APP ). Proteolytic cleavage by B-secretase
