Memory

Question 1

What is short-term memory (working memory)?

Answer 1

The memory buffer or register that holds current and recently attended information.

Question 2

What are the functions of short term memory?

Answer 2

-Input and storage of new information
-Retrieval and further processing of already stored information.

Question 3

What tasks help measure memory capacity?

Answer 3

Digit span
Operation span
Reading span

Question 4

What did George Miller prove about memory capacity?

Answer 4

Memory span for various kinds of stimuli are roughly 7 + or - 2 items.

Question 5

What does chunking help us do?

Answer 5

Chunking helps us overcome our capacity limitations by reorganizing items into larger chunks.

Question 6

What is retrieval?

Answer 6

The process of locating information in memory and activating that memory for use.

Question 7

What is storage?

Answer 7

The state in which a memory, once acquired, remains until it is retrieved.

Question 8

What do the decay theories say about forgetting?

Answer 8

Information is lost as a simple function of time.

Question 9

What does the interference theories say about forgetting?

Answer 9

Recently encountered material often competes with or causes the loss of target information.

Question 10

What is decay?

Answer 10

Information that is not rehearsed disappears as time passes.

Question 11

What is displacement?

Answer 11

Information being held in STM is pushed out by newly arriving information.

Question 12

What are the different types of encoding?

Answer 12

Semantic
Phonetic
Structural

Question 13

What is semantic encoding?

Answer 13

Emphasizes the meaning of visual input.

Question 14

What is phonetic encoding?

Answer 14

Emphasizes what a word sounds like.

Question 15

What is structural encoding?

Answer 15

emphasizes the physical structure of the stimulus.

Question 16

What are the two types of interferences?

Answer 16

Retroactive
Proactive

Question 17

What is retroactive interference?

Answer 17

Subsequent learning interferes with the retention of previously learned material.

Question 18

What is proactive interference?

Answer 18

Previously learned material interferes with memory for current material.

Question 19

What does the decay theory say about forgetting?

Answer 19

That information is lost as a simple function of time.

Question 20

What are the two theories of forgetting?

Answer 20

Decay theories and interference theories

Question 21

What does the interference theories say about forgetting?

Answer 21

It proposes that related or recently encounter material competes with or causes the loss of target information.

Question 22

Amnesics have no primacy effect. True or false?

Answer 22

TRUE!

Question 23

What does Pavlio’s dual coding theory of memory state?

Answer 23

There are verbal and non-verbal systems that handle different kinds of info. that communicate with each other.

Question 24

What is retrieval failure?

Answer 24

A failure tk remember info. that has been learned because it is inaccessible.

Question 25

What is state dependency?

Answer 25

Recall is better when individuals are in the same emotional and physical state as they were during learning.

Question 26

What did Craig and Turing (1975) prove

Answer 26

That elaborate encoding can lead to better memory.

Question 27

What is elaborate encoding?

Answer 27

Memory connections facilitate retrieval.