Memory

Question 1

Coding

Answer 1

The format a memory is stored in (visually, acoustically or semantically)

Question 2

Capacity

Answer 2

How much information can be stored

Question 3

Duration

Answer 3

How long the information can be stored for

Question 4

Multi-Store Model

Answer 4

Sensory register to short term memory to long term memory. Linear system.

Question 5

Sensory Register

Answer 5

The automatic response to sensory information

Question 6

Short Term Memory

Answer 6

Temporary store of information currently being thought about

Question 7

Long Term Memory

Answer 7

Information stored for a long period of time, anything stored for more than 30 seconds

Question 8

Coding Of Sensory Register

Answer 8

Stored the same way it is experienced - As a touch, taste, smell etc.

Question 9

Capacity Of Sensory Register

Answer 9

Very large

Question 10

Duration Of Sensory Register

Answer 10

Varies depending on the sense being experienced

Question 11

Coding Of Short Term Memory

Answer 11

Acoustically (as sounds). This means similar sounding words may be confused.

Question 12

Duration Of Short Term Memory

Answer 12

Max 30 seconds

Question 13

Capacity Of Short Term Memory

Answer 13

7 plus/minus 2 (so between 5 and 9 things at once). Can be improved through information chunking (such as phone numbers being split into sections)

Question 14

Coding Of Long Term Memory

Answer 14

Semantically (through associations). This means words with similar meanings may be confused.

Question 15

Duration Of Long Term Memory

Answer 15

Can last a lifetime

Question 16

Capacity Of Long Term Memory

Answer 16

Unlimited

Question 17

Supporting Evidence For Multi Store Model

Answer 17

Clive Wearing. Brain damage patient. STM was damaged so Clive lost his LTM, supporting that memory is linear.

Question 18

Contradicting Evidence For Multi Store Model

Answer 18

Patient KF. Brain damage patient. STM was damaged but LTM was intact, contradicting that memory is linear

Question 19

Working Memory Model

Answer 19

Several sections of memory holding information. Including the central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer and long term memory

Question 20

Central Excecutive

Answer 20

Monitors incoming data to transfer to the correct slave system. Can only focus on one thing at a time

Question 21

Phonological Loop

Answer 21

Deals with auditory information. Phonological store can store the words you hear and the articulatory process can keep two second’s worth of speech in a loop to keep information in the working memory

Question 22

Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad

Answer 22

Deals with visual and spatial information. The visual cache stores visual data and the inner scribe records the arrangement of objects. Has a capacity of 3/4 objects

Question 23

Episodic Buffer

Answer 23

Temporary store for information. Uses information processed in the other slave systems to merge the data into an individual memory to send the LTM

Question 24

Supporting Evidence For Working Memory Model

Answer 24

Patient KF. Brain damage patient. STM for verbal information (Phonological loop) was damaged but STM for visual information (Visuo-spatial sketchpad) was intact, supporting the idea that one system can be damaged while others remain intact.

Question 25

Weakness Of The Working Memory Model

Answer 25

The working memory model isn’t fully explained. The idea of a central excecutive is vague despite being a central part of the theory

Question 26

Interference

Answer 26

When one memory blocks a different memory being stored or causes it to be distorted. The effect is greater if two memories are similar

Question 27

Proactive Interference

Answer 27

Older memories disrupting newer memories

Question 28

Retroactive Interference

Answer 28

Newer memories disrupting older memories

Question 29

Semantic Memory

Answer 29

General world knowledge

Question 30

Episodic Memory

Answer 30

Contextual information from your own life experiences

Question 31

Procedural Memory

Answer 31

Our memory of how to perform actions, includes motor skills and cognitive skills

Question 32

Encoding Specificity Principle

Answer 32

Recall is most effective when the situation in which the memory is being recalled is similar to the situation in which the memory was encoded

Question 33

Context-Dependant Forgetting

Answer 33

When the environment during recall is different to that during encoding

Question 34

State-De[endant Forgetting

Answer 34

When your mental or physical state during recall is different to that during encoding

Question 35

Leading Questions

Answer 35

A question that implies a desired answer, a source of misleading information

Question 36

Weakness Of Leading Questions

Answer 36

Evidence for the effects of leading questions lacks ecological validity as they were all lab experiments, making it less aplicable to real life situations

Question 37

Post-Event Discussion

Answer 37

When witnesses to an event discuss an event afterwards, a source of misleading information

Question 38

Cognitive Interview

Answer 38

A method employed by investigators to help recall, in which the person being interviewed will change the order of the events, change the perspective of the events, be mentally reinstated to the events and report every miniscule detail

Question 39

Mental Reinstatement

Answer 39

The witness is mentally placed back into the events so the emotions and context cues can assist recall of information

Question 40

Report Everything

Answer 40

Memories are interconnected, this method works under the assumption that even a seemingly insignificant detail may be a cue for a more important piece of information

Question 41

Change The Order

Answer 41

Recalling events backwards helps the witness focus on the actual events, removing the influence of schemas

Question 42

Change The Perspective

Answer 42

Imagining what a person on the other side of the road may have seen could influence which details the witness recalls