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1
Q

Object location: beyond the center of curvature (2F)

A

Characteristic: Real, reduced, located between 2F and F

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2
Q

Object Location: At the center of the curvature

A

Real, inverted, same size, located at 2F

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3
Q

Object Location: Between center of curvature and focal point

A

Real, inverted, enlarged, located beyond 2F

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4
Q

Object Location: At the focal point (F)

A

No image is formed

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5
Q

Object location: In front of the focal point

A

upright, virtual, enlarged, located somewhere behind the mirror

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6
Q

Plane mirrors

A

ALWAYS upright and virtual

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7
Q

Converging/Convex Mirror Do > F

A

Do: +
Di: + (Real
F: +
M: - (inverted)

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8
Q

Converging/Convex Mirror Do < F

A

Do: +
Di: - (Virtual)
F: +
M: + (upright)

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9
Q

Diverging lens/ Concave Mirror

A

ALWAYS
Do: +
Di: - (virtual)
F: -
M: + (upright)

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10
Q

n1 < n2 (lower index of refraction to higher)

A

light will travel faster and bend away from normal
** theta 1 > theta 2**

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11
Q

Increasing wavelength

A

Gamma Rays < X rays < UV < Visible Light <` Infrared < Radio waves

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12
Q

Approximate Shift for R2CH2

A

1.25

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13
Q

Approximate Shift for Ar-H

A

6.0 - 8.5

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14
Q

Approximate Shift for AROH

A

4.0 - 12

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15
Q

Approximate Shift for COOH

A

10.5 - 12.0

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16
Q

Approximate Shift for NH2

A

1.0 - 5.0

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17
Q

Stretch for alcohol

A

3100 - 3500; broad peak

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18
Q

Stretch for Amine

A

3100 - 3500; sharp peak

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19
Q

Stretch for Aromatic

A

2900 - 3100 and 1475- 1625

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20
Q

Stretch for Carbonyl

A

1760 - 1665

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21
Q

Priority (Most to least)

A

Carboxylic Acid
Ester
Acid Halide
Amide
Nitrile
Aldehyde
Ketone
Alcohol
Amine
Alkene
Alkyne
Alkyl, halogen, alkoxy, nitro

Carboxylic Acid derivatives
Ketones and Aldehydes
Alcoholes and amines
double bonds
triple bonds
substituents names by prefixes rather than suffixes

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22
Q

mol –> L

A

1 mole = 22.4 L

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23
Q

1 m –> cm

A

100 cm = 1 m

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24
Q

ft –> in

A

1 ft = 12 inch

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25
Q

yd –> ft

A

1 yard = 3 feet

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26
Q

g –> mg

A

1 gram = 1000 mg

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27
Q

kg –> g

A

1 kg = 1000 g

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28
Q

km –> m

A

1 km = 1000 m

29
Q

Q > K

A

shift left

30
Q

IP > Ksp

A

precipitate is formed

31
Q

Increaser pressure =

A

favor side with fewer moles

32
Q

Increase reactant concentration

A

shift to products

33
Q

increase temperature of endothermic reaction

A

shift to products

34
Q

adding a catalyst

A

no change in equilibrium position

35
Q

Glycolysis location and products

A

Location: cytoplasm
Products: pyruvate, ATP, NADH

36
Q

PDC location and products

A

Location: Matrix of mitochondria
Products: Acetyl Co-A, NADH, CO2

37
Q

Krebs cycle location and products

A

Location: Matrix of Mitochondria
Products: Oxaloacetate, NADH, ATP, FADH2, and CO2

38
Q

ETC/ Oxidative Phosphorylation location and products

A

Location: Inner membrane of mitochondria
Products: NAD-, FAD, and ATP

39
Q

Alcohol Fermentation

A

glucose converted to ethanol and CO2
- occurs in year and other microorganisms
-pyruvate decarboxylasr and alcohol dehydrogenase

40
Q

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A

glucose converted to lactate and cellular energy
- occurs in yeast and muscle cells
- lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase

41
Q

Secondary Messengers

A

IP3, cAMP, Calcium, DAG

42
Q

Insulin

A

Released by pancreas
-secreted by beta cells
-anabolic, released when energy levels are high
- decrease glucose levels in blood
-stimulates liver and muscle to store glucose as glycogen

43
Q

Somatostatin

A

Released by pancreas
- secreted by delta cells
-inhibits release of insulin and glucagon
-increase nutrient absorption time by decreasing digestive system flow

44
Q

2 parts of adrenal glands

A

Adrenal Medulla and Adrenal Cortex

45
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

46
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

glucocorticoids: cortisol and cortisone
- raise blood glucose levels
- degrades adipose tissue to use as energy
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
- increase reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in kidneys
-passive reabsorption of water in nephron which raises blood pressure

47
Q

Anterior Pituatary

A

ACTH
TSH
LH
FSH

48
Q

Tropic Hormones

A

stimulates other endocrine glands

49
Q

ACTH

A

stimulates adrenal cortex –> releases glucocorticoids

50
Q

TSH

A

Stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones

51
Q

LH

A

Women: stimulates corpus luteum
Men: Stimulates interstitial cells of testes to produce testosterone

52
Q

FSH

A

Women: Stimulates maturation of ovarian follicles to secrete estrogen
Men: stimulates seminiferous tubule maturation and sperm production

53
Q

Nontropic hromones

A

directly stimulates target genes: hGH and Prolactin

54
Q

Glucagon

A

Released by pancreas:
- Secreted by Alpha cells and released with energy levels are low
- increase glucose levels in blood
-stimulates lover to convert glycogen to glucose
- stimulates gluconeogenesis in liver
-converts stored adipose tissue into blood lipids

55
Q

hGH

A

somatotopin; stimulates bone and muscle growth

56
Q

Prolactin

A

stimulates milk production

57
Q

Pineal gland

A

secreted melatonin; regulates circadian rythm

58
Q

Thymus

A

immune function; secreted thymosins that stimulate white blood cells to become T-cells

59
Q

Parathyroid

A

PTH; antagonist to the function of calcitonin
- raises Ca2+ levels in blood by stimulating osetoclasts to breakdown bone

60
Q

Thyroid hormones

A

Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine and Calcitonin

61
Q

Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine

A

Increases basal metaboloc rate in body
- iodine is necessaer to synthesize thyroid hormones and prevent goiters

62
Q

Calcitonin

A

stimulates osetoblast activity

63
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

**DOES NOT SYNTHESIZE HORMONES
- Stores ADH ans oxytocin for release

64
Q

ADH

A

increases reabsorption of eater by increasing permeability of nephrons collecting duct

65
Q

Oxytocin

A

Increases strength of uterine contractions; stimulates milk ejection, induces maternal behavior

66
Q

Testosterone:

A

increases spermatogenisis, secondary sex characteristic

67
Q

Estrogen

A

Menstrual cycle regulation; secondary sex characteristic

68
Q

Progesterone

A

Menstrual cycle regulation; pregnancy

OAT Prep (1 decks)

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