Membranes and Transport

Question 1

role of membranes

Answer 1

protection, permeability, organization, transport, binding, adhesion, ec potential, recognition

Question 2

macros in membranes

Answer 2

lipids, carbs, proteins

Question 3

permeability level

Answer 3

selective

Question 4

two parts of phospholipids

Answer 4

hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail

Question 5

most abundant lipid in membranes

Answer 5

phospholipids

Question 6

two backbone types of phospholipids

Answer 6

glycerol-

sphingo-

Question 7

most popular glycerophospholipids

Answer 7

phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol

Question 8

most popular sphingolipid

Answer 8

sphingomyelin

Question 9

what kind of phospholipid is a glycolipid?

Where is it found?

Answer 9

sphingolipid with carbohydrate attached

outer leaflet

Question 10

where is cholesterol?

Answer 10

embedded in pl bilayer

Question 11

whats colesterol made of?

Answer 11

steroid nucleus, OH, R group

Question 12

Which leaflet is phosphatidylserine located?

Answer 12

inner leaflet

Question 13

What is the relevance of phosphatidylserine on outer leaflet?

Answer 13

signal for apoptosis

cells are soon removed via phagocytes

Question 14

Nieman Pick Disease

deficiency

Answer 14

Acid Sphingomyelinase

bd of SM

Question 15

Nieman Pick Disease

Effect

Answer 15

Buildup of SM in liver, spleen, CNS, and bone marrow

Question 16

Nieman Pick Disease

Sx

Answer 16

hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and neuro damage

Cherry red spot in eye

Question 17

three types of membrane proteins

Answer 17

integral (built in)
peripheral (hanging on)
lipid anchored (commitment issues)

Question 18

glycocalyx

function

Answer 18

carbohydrate shell on cell membrane

protect, adhese, indentify

Question 19

importance of glycocalyx

Answer 19

RBC types (A, B, O)
rem: antibody effects

Question 20

Rh factor

Answer 20

mothers who are Rh negative will not recognize and will attack Rh + (second offspring) leading to sa

Question 21

membranes are fluid T/F

Answer 21

T

Question 22

Factors of fuidity

Answer 22

temp (up inc. down dec.)
lipid comp (sat. dec. unsat. inc.)
cholesterol (balances)

Question 23

spur cell anemia

Answer 23

too high cholesterol in RBC, causes lysis in splenic capillaries

Question 24

types of transport

Answer 24

passsive fac diff and simple

active ABC and primary

Question 25

permeability

Answer 25

non polar non permeable | polar permeable

Question 26

simple diff

Answer 26

small and non polar pass thru membrane freely

Question 27

fac diff

Answer 27

large and charged use facilitator to go down gradient (ion channels or transporters)

Question 28

Primary transport

Answer 28

uses ATP directly

Question 29

secondary transport

Answer 29

energy stored in gradient, coupled with primary active

Question 30

types of primary active

Answer 30

``` P type atpase (phosphorylate asp residue) ABC type (hydrolyse) ```

Question 31

examples of 2nd actv transport

Answer 31

SGLT ( 2 Na down and 1 glu up sym) and NCX (anti 3 Na down 1 Ca up)

Question 32

Picture eneterocyte glucose transport

Answer 32

SGLT GLUT 2 GLUT 5 NaK ATPase good job

Question 33

Cystic fibrosis defic.

Answer 33

Cl transporter (CFTR - cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator)

Question 34

CF causes

Answer 34

build up of Cl- on inside of cell membrane

Question 35

CF effects

Answer 35

Cl- build up leads to Na+ build up... NaCl leads to water... leads to inc mucous thickness and dyspnea

Question 36

Cystinuria defic.

Answer 36

defective transporter for A. a. uptake

Question 37

Cystinuria causes

Answer 37

build of up cystine, arg, lys, and ornithine

Question 38

cystinuria effects

Answer 38

cystine stones in kidney | Sx renal cholic

Question 39

Hartnup Disease defic.

Answer 39

defective a a transporter ( non polar, neutral a a) in kidney and intestines

Question 40

hartnup disease causes

Answer 40

insuf. trp in body...

Question 41

hartnup diseases effects

Answer 41

FTT, cerebellar ataxia, photons., nystagmus

Question 42

Cardiotonic drugs (oubain)

Answer 42

contraction inducing

Question 43

cardiotonic drugs effect

Answer 43

inhibit NaKATPase on cardiac myocytes TF inc in [Na] TF slows NCX TF inc. [Ca] inc. contraction strength

Question 44

cardiotonic drugs uses

Answer 44

CHF and Afib