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Biology > Membranes > Flashcards

Membranes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the framework of a membrane?

A

The phospholopid bilayer

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2
Q

Phospholipids are…

A

amphipathic molecules

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3
Q

Amphipathic is…

A

having both hydrohilic and hypdrophobic parts

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4
Q

What is hydrophobic?

A

Disliking of water

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5
Q

What is hydrophilic?

A

The liking of water

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6
Q

fatty-acid tails are…

A

hydrophobic

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7
Q

glycerol heads are…

A

hydrophilic

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8
Q

Membranes also contain…

A

proteins and carbohydrates

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9
Q

Leaflets:

A

halves of the bilayer

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10
Q

The leaflets are…

A

asymmetrical to one another with different amounts of each component

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11
Q

What is the membrane considered?

A

A moisac of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates molecules

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12
Q

Membrane resembles a fluid because…

A

lipids and proteins can more relative to each other within the membrane

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13
Q

Transmembrane Proteins are…

A

Physically embedded in the hydrophobic portion of the phospholipid bilayer

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14
Q

Lipid-anchored proteins

A

Amino acid, of protein, convalently linked to a lipid

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15
Q

Integral Membrane Proteins are

A

a type of protein that is permanently attached to the membrane

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16
Q

Intrinsic Membrane Proteins are

A

embedded in the lipid bilayer so that the polypeptides come in contact with the non-polar region of the bilayer

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17
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

A large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain

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18
Q

Peripheral or Extrinsic Membrane Proteins are

A

Non-covalent bounded , to intergral membrane proteins that project out from the membrane or lipid head

19
Q

What is Peripheral?

A

a class of membrane proteins that attach to the lipid bilayer, acting on the lipid-water interface

20
Q

Extrinsic…

A

are entirely outside of the membrane, but are bound to it by weak molecular attractions

21
Q

Membranes are semi…

A

fluid

22
Q

Most lipids can rotate freely around…

A

their long axis and move laterally within the membrane leaflet

23
Q

“Flip-flop” of lipids from one leaflet to another requires…

A

ATP and the enzyme, flippase

24
Q

Lipid rafts are formed when…

A

Certain lipids aggregate strongly with one another

25
Q

How is the composition of a lipid raft different from the rest of the membrane?

A
  • High concentration of cholesterol
  • Unique set of membrane proteins
26
Q

Shorter tails are less likely to…

A

Interact, making the membrane more fluid

27
Q

Double bonds create…in the fatty acyl tails

A

kinks (lol)

28
Q

Kinks make it more difficult for tails to…

A

interact (they also make the bilayer more fluid)

29
Q

Cholesterol stabilizes the membrande depending upon the…

A

temperature

30
Q

Depending on the cell type…

A

10-70% of cells can be restricted in their movement

31
Q

Why would you not want integral membrane protein in the cytoskeleton to move?

A

Because they provide structure, if they move the structure would fall

32
Q

The plasma membrane is…

A

Selectively permeable

33
Q

The plasma membrane allows passage of some…

A

ions and molecules

34
Q

Membrane structure ensures that…

A
  • Essential molecules enter
  • Metabolic intermediates remain
  • Waste products exit
35
Q

Does passive transport require energy?

A

No, it is down or with the gradient

36
Q

Passive diffusion…

A

diffusion of a solute through a membrane without transport protein

37
Q

Facilitated diffusion..

A

diffusion of a solute through a membrane with help of transport protein

38
Q

Does active transport require energy?

A

Yes, up or against a gradient

39
Q

Why do hydrophilic and ions have a barrier?

A

Because of the hydrophobic interior

40
Q

Rate if diffusion depends on…

A

Chemistry of solute and its concentration

41
Q

Examples of High Permeability:

A
  • Gases
  • Small uncharged molecules
42
Q

Examples of Moderate Permeability:

A
  • Water
  • Urea
43
Q

Examples of Low Permeability:

A
  • Polar organic molecules

Biology (3 decks)

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