Membraneless organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

What occurs in the nucleolus?

A

Ribosome biogenesis

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2
Q

What occurs in paraspeckles?

A

Regulation of gene expression

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3
Q

What occurs in nuclear speckles?

A

Storage of splicing factors

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4
Q

What occurs in cajal bodies

A

Regulation of snRNP maturation

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5
Q

What occurs in PML bodies

A

Regulation of transcription and protein storage

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6
Q

What do membraneless organelles behave like?

A

Liquid drops

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7
Q

What do membranelles organelles form by?

A

Liquid liquid phase seperation

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8
Q

What are scaffold and clients

A

Key set of proteins and RNA that drive membraneless organelle formation

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9
Q

Regulation of LLPS

A

Proteins that drive are LLPS are multivalent and have intrisically disordered regions (IDRs)

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10
Q

Does Liquid to solid phase transitions associate with disease?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What do stress granules contain?

A
  • mRNAs stalled in translation initiation (pre-initiation complexes)
  • Various translation initiation factors
  • RNA-binding proteins, and many non-RNA-binding proteins
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12
Q

Assembly of stress granules

A

mRNA associates with 40S to from PIC
60S seperates, leading to accumulation of 40S-mRNA complexes
Puromycin promotes SGs, disrupts translating ribosome

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13
Q

Formation of PICs and mRNA translation under basal conditions

A

eIF4F complex recognises 5’ cap
eIF2 binds initiator tRNA
this complex combines with eIF3-40S to form 43S PIC
60S ribosomal particle binds
43S PIC associates with eIF4F-mRNA to form 48S-PIC

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14
Q

Inhibition of translation initiation promotes SG formation

A

mTOR inhibition reduced phosphorylation of 4E-BP, now can bind eIF4E displacing it from complex with mrNA
Phosphorylation of EIF2 prevents binding to tRNAi
Drugs can interfere with eIF4F complex displacing it from mRNA
Incomplete PICs bind RBPs that nucleate SGs

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15
Q

What is a key player in pathology of neurodegenerative diseases

A

TDP-43

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16
Q

What is the structure if TDP-43

A

Folded N terminal domain, NLS, NES and 2 RNA recognition motifs and unstructured C-terminal tail

17
Q

What processing of TDP-43 cause disease?

A

Phosphorylation

18
Q

What of protein assembly is associated with disease?

A

Protein assemb,y into amyloids

19
Q

What does TDP-43 form?

A

Amyloid fibrils

20
Q

What are amyloids?

A

Solid aggregates of beta-sheet rich fibrils

21
Q

What virus is a model system of viral factories

A

Rotavirus, major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young kids

22
Q

What is a chemical probe to differentiation between liquid-like and gel-like states of membraneless organelles?

A

1,6-hexanediol

23
Q

Early infection viral factories are completely dissolved by what?

A

1,6-hexanediol

24
Q

RSV replication is blocked by what>

A

Small molecules which reduce fluidity of viral factories and decreases viral replication