Membrane transport 2

Question 1

is the outermost component of a cell and forms the boundary
between material inside and outside material

Answer 1

Cell Membrane

Question 2

acting as barrier that
determines what moves
into and out of the cell

Answer 2

Cell membrane

Question 3

The cell membrane has ____________, which allows only
certain substances to pass in and
out of the cell.

Answer 3

selective
permeability

Question 4

Some materials can pass
through, while others are
excluded

Answer 4

Selectively permeable barrier

Question 5

are substances contributing to body mass that are found outside the cells.

Answer 5

Extracellular substances

Question 6

High concentration inside the cell

Answer 6

Enzymes, glycogen, potassium

Question 7

High concentration outside the cell

Answer 7

Sodium, calcium, and chloride

Question 8

are pores within a lipid bilayer. The channels can be formed by protein complexes that run across the membrane or by peptides. They may cross the cell membrane, connecting the cytosol, or cytoplasm, to the extracellular matrix.

Answer 8

transmembrane
protein channels

Question 9

Some substances, like O2 and CO2,_______

Answer 9

can pass
directly through the cell membrane’s
phospholipid bilayer.

Question 10

Some substances must pass through
_________ channels, such as Na+
through its channels.

Answer 10

transmembrane protein

Question 11

The route of transport through the membrane
depends on the__________ of the
substance.

Answer 11

size, shape, and charge

Question 12

Some substances require ________ to
transport them across the cell membrane, such as glucose.

Answer 12

carrier molecules

Question 13

Some substances require a _______________
across the membrane.

Answer 13

vesicular transport

Question 14

The vesicle ________ with the cell membrane
for transport.

Answer 14

must fuse

Question 15

Membrane characteristics

Answer 15

Selectively permeable, asymmetric, amphiphilic

Question 16

A molecule having both hydrophobic (nonpolar) and hydrophilic (polar) regions.

Answer 16

Amphiphilic

Question 17

2 Basic methods of movement though cell membrane

Answer 17

Passive transport
active transport

Question 18

homogeneous mixture of two or more components (ex: air that we
breath, fluid of plasma membrane, seawater, rubbing alcohol)

Answer 18

SOLUTION

Question 19

dissolving medium; typically water in the body

Answer 19

SOLVENT

Question 20

components in smaller quantities within a solution

Answer 20

SOLUTES

Question 21

the difference in the concentration of a solute in a solvent between
two points divided by the distance between the two points.

Answer 21

CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

Question 22

is the passive movement
of molecules from an area
of _________

Answer 22

high concentration to an
area of low concentration.

Question 23

Molecules will move by diffusion if any of the following applies:

Answer 23

The molecules are small enough to pass through the membrane’s
pores (channels formed by membrane proteins) (FD)

The molecules are lipid-soluble (D)

The molecules are assisted by a membrane carrier (FD)

Question 24

constantly
allow ions to pass through.

Answer 24

Leak channels

Question 25

limit the
movement of ions across the
membrane by opening and
closing

Answer 25

Gated channels

Question 26

is the diffusion of water
across a selectively
permeable membrane, such
as the cell membrane, from
a region of higher water
concentration to one of
lower water concentration

Answer 26

Osmosis

Question 27

the pressure created by
water moving across a
membrane due to
osmosis.

Answer 27

Osmotic Pressure

Question 28

_________, the higher the
osmotic pressure.

Answer 28

The more water
moving across the
membrane

Question 29

proteins within the cell
membrane

Answer 29

Carrier molecules

Question 30

move large, water-soluble molecules
or electrically charged ions across the cell membrane.

Answer 30

carrier-mediated transport
mechanisms

Question 31

A molecule to be transported binds to a _________ on one side of the membrane.

Answer 31

specific carrier
molecule

Question 32

Carrier-Mediated Transport Mechanisms includes

Answer 32

facilitated diffusion and Active transport.

Question 33

Carrier-mediated transport mechanisms
exhibit ____________ meaning only specific molecules are
transported by the carriers.

Answer 33

specificity;

Question 34

Facilitated diffusion does not require ______

Answer 34

ATP for energy.

Question 35

Active transport does require ______

Answer 35

ATP for transport.

Question 36

a carrier-mediated
transport process that
moves substances from an
area of high concentration
to an area of low
concentration with the help
of a transport molecule.

Answer 36

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 37

against a concentration
gradient.

Answer 37

Active Transport

Question 38

Active transport a carrier-mediated process
that moves substances
across the cell membrane
from regions of _____

Answer 38

lower
concentration to those of
higher concentration

Question 39

The _________________
moves Na+ out of cells and K+
into cells.

Answer 39

sodium-potassium pump

Question 40

Sodium potassium pump is necessary for ________

Answer 40

nerve impulses

Question 41

the diffusing
substance moves in the same
direction as the transported
substance

Answer 41

Cotransport

Question 42

the
diffusing substance moves in
a direction opposite to that of
the transported substance.

Answer 42

Countertransport

Question 43

Large water-soluble
molecules, small pieces of
matter, and even whole
cells can be transported
across cell membranes in
membrane-bound sacs
called

Answer 43

vesicles.

Question 44

uptake of material through
the cell membrane by the
formation of a vesicle.

Answer 44

Endocytosis

Question 45

Types of Endocytosis

Answer 45

Receptor-mediated

Phagocytosis

Pinocytosis

Question 46

occurs when a specific
substance binds to
the receptor molecule
and is transported
into the cell.

Answer 46

Receptor-mediated
Endocytosis

Question 47

used for endocytosis
when solid particles are
ingested.

Answer 47

Phagocytosis (cell-eating)

Question 48

engulfs large particles i.e.
bacteria or dead body
cells

Answer 48

engulfs large particles i.e.
bacteria or dead body
cells

Question 49

protective mechanism,
not a means of getting
nutrients

Answer 49

Phagocytosis (cell-eating)

Question 50

Functions of Phagocytosis (cell-eating)

Answer 50

used for endocytosis
when solid particles are
ingested.

engulfs large particles i.e.
bacteria or dead body
cells

protective mechanism,
not a means of getting
nutrients

Question 51

smaller vesicles are formed,
they contain liquid rather than
solid particles

Answer 51

Pinocytosis (cell-drinking)

Question 52

Plasma membrane forms a pit,
and edges fuse around droplet
of fluid

Answer 52

Pinocytosis (cell-drinking)

Question 53

Plasma membrane forms a ______,
and edges fuse around droplet
of fluid

Answer 53

pit

Question 54

Cell “______”: droplets of
extracellular fluid containing
dissolved proteins or fats

Answer 54

gulps”

Question 55

Cell “gulps” droplets of
extracellular fluid containing
____________

Answer 55

dissolved proteins or fats

Question 56

the process when secretory
vesicles move to the cell
membrane, where the
membrane of the vesicle fuses
with the cell membrane, and
the material in the vesicle is
eliminated from the cell.

Answer 56

Exocytosis