MEMBRANE JUNCTION

Question 1

Large, automatic, bidirectional
Functional unit
Protein subunits
Allow ___ messenger

Answer 1

Gap junction
Connexon
Connexins

Question 2

Small, voltage sensitive

Answer 2

Tight junctions

Question 3

Links to cytoskeleton
Non discriminatory

Answer 3

Desmosomes

Question 4

Cells communicate by releasing extracellular signal molecules
___ ability to coordinate cellular activity and function.

Answer 4

Signal transduction
Cell signaling

Question 5

8 types of cellular response

Answer 5

Movement
Apoptosis
No response
Synthesis
Differentiation
Secretion
Metabolism
Multiplication

Question 6

Direct phone call
Via gap junction

Answer 6

Electrical signaling

Question 7

Direct contact between adjacent cells
F2f communication

Answer 7

Cell-cell communications

Question 8

Signal released in extracellular compartments.
Ex. Hormone

Answer 8

Chemical signaling

Question 9

Signal travels in bloodstream.
Release signal affects cell of origin.
Signal is released by one call

Answer 9

Endocrine
Autocrine
Paracrine

Question 10

For lipid soluble messenger.
For lipid insoluble messenger

Answer 10

Cellular receptors
Intracellular receptors
Plasma membrane receptors

Question 11

Longer effects
Lipophilic
Inactive receptors

Answer 11

Intracellular receptors

Question 12

STEROID RECEPTORS
Released by
kidneys
Adrenal cortex
Gonads

Answer 12

Vitamin D
Cortisol
Sex hormones

Question 13

Received signals in cytoplasm.
Found inside nucleus

Answer 13

Cytoplasmic/ gated receptors
Nuclear receptors

Question 14

Ligand gated ion chanels
Influx and efflux

Answer 14

Ion channels

Question 15

Bind guanine nucleotides
Central role in many enzyme linked receptors.
Regulate activity of other proteins.
Composed of 7 transmembrane

Answer 15

G protein
Monomerc
Heterotrimeric
GPCRs

Question 16

Site of ligand binding
Attached heterotrimeric subunit

Answer 16

Extracellular domain
Intracellular domain

Question 17

2 types of receptors
ANP + GC receptors
2 types

Answer 17

Guanylate cyclase receptors
Tyrosine kinase receptors
GCP
Transmembrane GCR (activated by atrial natriuretic peptide)
soluble GCR (activated by nitric oxide)

Question 18

Amplification of __ binding event
Mechanism

Answer 18

Signal receptor ^
¥

Question 19

Activation of inositol 1,4,5, triphosphate (___)
signal binds (process)

Answer 19

Phospholipase C
GPCR > GDP > a subunit > hydrolysis > produce IP3

Question 20

Activation of adenylyl cyclase pathway
Structurally composed of 2 regulatory and 2 catalytic subunits.

Answer 20

Cyclic amp
PKA

Question 21

Stimulus involved is light
Absorbs light
Activate G protein via alpha T

Answer 21

Cyclic GMP
Rhodopsin
Transducin

Question 22

MAPK
Pathway;

Answer 22

Mitogen-activated protein kinase
Ligand bind to TK > induce TK activity > Grb2 phosphorylated> SOS activates > activate MAPKK> phosphorylation to MAPK > translocate nucleus> stimulates gene transcription

Question 23

P13/AKT
pathway

Answer 23

Inositol (3,4,5) triphosphate
Ligand binds to TK > phosphorylated attaches P13K >PIP2 phosphorylated to become P13> PIP3 + PDK1 and AKT> PDK1 activates AKT

Question 24

Jak / stat
Pathway

Answer 24

Janus associated kinase
Cytokines > dimerization>activation loops> JAK(activated)> phosphorylated> tyrosine phosphorylated > STAT dissociates + activated > STAT binds to Tyrosine-P> translocated cell nucleus> target gene activated