Membrane and Water Flashcards
What are amphipathic properties of the membrane?
The phosphate head is hydrophilic while the fatty tails are hydrophobic. Therefore a phospholipid bilayer is formed.
What is the role of cholesterol in a membrane?
is reduced or increased fluidity and permeability.
All of what components are embedded into a membrane?
Channel protein, peripheral protein, glycoprotein (+glycolipid), cholesterol and integral proteins.
What are different types of transport in the membrane?
Facilitated diffusion, Active transport, passive transport, osmosis.
What is diffusion?
The passive movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
NO ATP
What is osmosis?
The movement of water across a membrane. Moves hypotonic to hypertonic (low solute to high solute).
What is a solvent?
The substance doing the dissolving
What is a solute?
The substance being dissolved
What is a cell shrinking?
crenation
What is a cell swelling?
cytolysis
When a cell is hypertonic to its surrounding solution, what happens?
Water moves into the cell
When a cell is hypotonic, what happens?
Water moves out of the cell into the surrounding solution/water.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The passive movement of molecules across a membrane through a channel protein.
What channel protein moves chloride out of the cell?
CFTR channel. Chloride breaks down mucus outside of the cell. If enzyme does not function, mucus biulds up.
What is active transport?
The movement of substances from low to high concentration against the gradient, this requires ATP
What is a specific example of a pump using active transport?
Sodium potassium pump.
What affects membrane fluidity?
Temperarture
Fatty Acid Length
Saturation (unsaturated are more fluid)
What is endocytosis?
The plasma membrane folds inwards and allows the filling of extracellular particles…folding in on itself, and trapping the fluids inside.
The vesicle pinches off. The ends of the membranes meet and refuse, membrane has become shorter.
What is exocytosis?
Vesicles in the cell are transported to the cell membrane, attaches an fuses to the cell membrane exposeing the stored particles. Cell membrane grows in length
What is a covalent bond?
When atoms share electrons
What is a non polar covalent bond?
When electrons are shared evently
What is a polar covalent bond?
When atoms share electrons unequally
Why does ice float on top?
Becaus it is less dense. When water freezes it expands, is lighter
Why is the way ice works important to all life?
Water freees from top to bottom, floats on top. Is important because it preserves aquatic life.
