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BIO HL: Membrane and Water > Membrane and Water > Flashcards

Membrane and Water Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are amphipathic properties of the membrane?

A

The phosphate head is hydrophilic while the fatty tails are hydrophobic. Therefore a phospholipid bilayer is formed.

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2
Q

What is the role of cholesterol in a membrane?

A

is reduced or increased fluidity and permeability.

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3
Q

All of what components are embedded into a membrane?

A

Channel protein, peripheral protein, glycoprotein (+glycolipid), cholesterol and integral proteins.

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4
Q

What are different types of transport in the membrane?

A

Facilitated diffusion, Active transport, passive transport, osmosis.

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5
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The passive movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
NO ATP

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6
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The movement of water across a membrane. Moves hypotonic to hypertonic (low solute to high solute).

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7
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The substance doing the dissolving

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8
Q

What is a solute?

A

The substance being dissolved

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9
Q

What is a cell shrinking?

A

crenation

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10
Q

What is a cell swelling?

A

cytolysis

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11
Q

When a cell is hypertonic to its surrounding solution, what happens?

A

Water moves into the cell

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12
Q

When a cell is hypotonic, what happens?

A

Water moves out of the cell into the surrounding solution/water.

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13
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

The passive movement of molecules across a membrane through a channel protein.

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14
Q

What channel protein moves chloride out of the cell?

A

CFTR channel. Chloride breaks down mucus outside of the cell. If enzyme does not function, mucus biulds up.

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15
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of substances from low to high concentration against the gradient, this requires ATP

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16
Q

What is a specific example of a pump using active transport?

A

Sodium potassium pump.

17
Q

What affects membrane fluidity?

A

Temperarture
Fatty Acid Length
Saturation (unsaturated are more fluid)

18
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

The plasma membrane folds inwards and allows the filling of extracellular particles…folding in on itself, and trapping the fluids inside.

The vesicle pinches off. The ends of the membranes meet and refuse, membrane has become shorter.

19
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Vesicles in the cell are transported to the cell membrane, attaches an fuses to the cell membrane exposeing the stored particles. Cell membrane grows in length

20
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

When atoms share electrons

21
Q

What is a non polar covalent bond?

A

When electrons are shared evently

22
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

When atoms share electrons unequally

23
Q

Why does ice float on top?

A

Becaus it is less dense. When water freezes it expands, is lighter

24
Q

Why is the way ice works important to all life?

A

Water freees from top to bottom, floats on top. Is important because it preserves aquatic life.

25
Q

What is cohesion?

A

Water molecules sticking to eachother

26
Q

What is adheasion?

A

Water molecules sticking to other polar surfaces

27
Q

What is high specific heat capacity?

A

Water can absorb a lot of energy before it changes temperature

28
Q

What is latent heat of evaporization?

A

The amound of energy it takes to change the state of water

29
Q

At what temperatures does water evaporate, melt and freeze?

A

Evaporate: 100 C
Melt: 0 C
Freeze: -25 C

30
Q

Is methane polar?

A

No

31
Q

What types of bonds does methane consist of ?

A

covalent

32
Q

Does methane or water have a higher heat capacity?

A

water

33
Q

What is high osmolarity?

A

A solution with high numbers of solutes.

34
Q

What is low osmolarity?

A

A solution with low numbers of solutes

35
Q

What allows water to be such a good solvent?

A

It has both positive and negative charges which make it easier to dissolve NaCl, Glucose etc

36
Q

Why is waters high specific heat capacity important to the body?

A

The body has a stable environment

37
Q

Why is waters high boiling point important?

A

Aquatic life and indistrialization

38
Q

Explain latent heat of vaporization in relation to sweating.

A

When the body sweats, the heat must be removed from the skin as a gas. To become a gas and evaporrate, water takes energy (heat) from the body to achieve this. This has a cooling effect on the body.

39
Q

Differences and similarities between cholestrol and glucose.

A

Cholestrol is not soluble in water, it is integrated into the membrane and flows through blood.

Glucose is soluble, is carried through the body in plasma and is not integrated in the membrane.

BIO HL: Membrane and Water (1 decks)

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