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Biology - Silva > Meiosis & Genetics > Flashcards

Meiosis & Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What does homologous mean?

A

Similar, but not identical

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2
Q

What is a haploid cell?

A

Cell with 23 chromosomes

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3
Q

What is a diploid cell?

A

2n Cells

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4
Q

What is fertilization?

A

haploid gamete joins with another haploid gamete

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5
Q

What is a diploid cell?

A

cell with 2n chromosomes

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6
Q

What is meiosis?

A

cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes

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7
Q

What is a gene?

A

DNA on the chromosomes is arranged in sections that

control the production of protein

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8
Q

What happens during prophase I?

A

replicated chromosomes, consisting of two sister chromatids, condense

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9
Q

What is crossing over?

A

a section of one chromosome changes place with a section of its homologous chromosome

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10
Q

What happens during metaphase I?

A

the pairs of homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

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11
Q

What happens during anaphase I?

A

each homologous chromosome is guided by the spindle fibers toward opposite poles of the cell.

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12
Q

What is the final stage of meiosis?

A

Telophase I

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13
Q

What happens during telophase I?

A

the homologous chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell.

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14
Q

What is prophase II?

A

the spindle apparatus forms, and the

chromosomes condense

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15
Q

What is metaphase II?

A

a haploid number of chromosomes lines up near the center of the cell by the spindle fibers.

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16
Q

What is anaphase II?

A

the sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromere by the spindle fibers, and the sister chromatids are pulled to the opposite poles of the cell

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17
Q

What is a gamete?

A

A sex cell (in humans: sperm for males, and eggs for females)

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18
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

Set of chromosomes (one from each parent), that are very similar to one another and have the same size/shape

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19
Q

Dogs have 39 haploid cells, how many chromosomes will be in the diploid cell?

A

78

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20
Q

Where is the only place that crossing over occurs?

A

Prophase I

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21
Q

Do you think that interphase is apart of meiosis?

A

Yes

22
Q

What is the difference in meiosis and mitosis?

A

Meiosis splits it’s diploid cells to start, while mitosis just duplicates them from the start

23
Q

When do gametes get created?

A

After meiosis II

24
Q

Which one can keep going infinitely, meiosis or mitosis?

A

Mitosis

25
Q

What type off cell is meiosis?

A

A germ cell

26
Q

What type of cell is mitosis?

A

Somatic

27
Q

The somatic cells of a cat contain 38 chromosomes.

If a cat cell undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will be in the resulting cell?

A

19

28
Q

What occurs during meiosis II?

A

The separation of sister chromatids

29
Q

What is a likely result of crossing over during meiosis I?

A

Production of recombinant gametes

30
Q

What is the overall purpose of meiosis?

A

To create gametes

31
Q

Compare the differences of meiosis and mitosis.

A

Meiosis - Splits the diploid cells into haploid

Mitosis - Just duplicates the diploid cells

32
Q

Compare the similarities of meiosis and mitosis.

A

Meiosis - Starts with a diploid cells
After the first stage they duplicate
Mitosis - Starts with a diploid cells
Duplicates

33
Q

When does prophase I occur?

A

It is the first stage

34
Q

What is genetic variation?

A

It is when something changes in a gene

35
Q

Give some examples of genetic variation.

A

Some examples are eye color, hair color, height, etc…

36
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different form of a gene passed from generation to generation

37
Q

What does dominant mean?

A

The version of the trait that appears in the F1 generation

38
Q

What does recessive mean?

A

The version that is hidden in the F1 generation

39
Q

What is homozygous?

A

If both alleles for a trait are the same

40
Q

What is genotype?

A

An organism’s allele pairs

41
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The way an organism looks or behaves

42
Q

What is Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

A

he two alleles for each trait separate from each other during meiosis and then unite during fertilization.

43
Q

What are hybrids?

A

When parents with different forms of a trait are crossed, the offspring are heterozygous organisms

44
Q

What is heterozygous?

A

The alleles for a trait are different

45
Q

What does the law of independent assortment state?

A

Alleles distribute randomly when gametes are made

46
Q

What does a punnet square do?

A

Help you predict the genotype and phenotype of the offspring

47
Q

How are two or more traits inherited?

A

Mendel found that the traits were inherited independently. Members of the F2 generation had the phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1—9 yellow round seeds, 3 green round, 3 yellow wrinkled, and 1 green wrinkled.

48
Q

Does genetics run on probability?

A

Yes

49
Q

How does probability work on genetics?

A

A cross might not give a perfect 3:1 or 9:3:3:1 ratio. The larger the number of offspring, the more closely the results will match the ratio predicted by the Punnett square

50
Q

How is a Punnett square used for two traits?

A

A Punnett square for a dihybrid cross is larger. It has 16 boxes to represent 16 allele combinations.

Biology - Silva (2 decks)

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