Meiosis & Genetics

Question 1

how many genes do chromosomes have

Answer 1

1500 genes each

Question 2

how many chromosomes do humans have

Answer 2

46 chromosomes

Question 3

how many chromosomes do you get from each parent

Answer 3

23

Question 4

what is the pair of chromosomes from your parents called

Answer 4

homologous

Question 5

what are homologous chromosomes

Answer 5

they are genes that are the same size and are simmliar

Question 6

what is meiosis

Answer 6

Meiosis is a kind of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes.

Question 7

what happens durring interphase i

Answer 7

interphase carries out a variety of metabolic functions, copies its DNA, and makes proteins.

Question 8

what is crossing over

Answer 8

Crossing over occurs when a section of one chromosome changes place with a section of its homologous chromosome.

Question 9

what happens during prophase i

Answer 9

During prophase I, replicated chromosomes, consisting of two sister chromatids, condense.

Question 10

What happens during metaphase I?

Answer 10

During metaphase I, the pairs of homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.

Question 11

What happens during anaphase I?

Answer 11

each homologous chromosome is guided by the spindle fibers toward opposite poles of the cell.

Question 12

what is the final stage of meiosis

Answer 12

telophase - During telophase I, the homologous chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell.

Question 13

what do genes effect

Answer 13

they can effect hair, skin, and eye color. and other things like height and face shapes.

Question 14

what are the 8 stages of meiosis

Answer 14

(prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I) and meiosis II (prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II).

Question 15

Meiosis is

Answer 15

a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.

Question 16

processes that occur during meiosis

Answer 16

Crossing Over, Reduction to Haploid, Random Chromatid Assortment, Fertilization.

Question 17

meiosis

Answer 17

Meiosis is the process by which gametes are produced. Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division and produces four non-identical haploid daughter cells.

Question 18

mitosis

Answer 18

Mitosis is the process by which most cells in the body divide, involves a single round of cell division, and produces two identical, diploid daughter cells

Question 19

metaphase ii

Answer 19

metaphase ii is chromosomes positioned at the equator

Question 20

Compare and contrast sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction.

Answer 20

Asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent. Sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces offspring that are genetically unique.

Question 21

Define crossing over and list the phase in which it occurs.

Answer 21

Crossing over occurs during prophase I and is the process where two homologous non-sister chromatids pair up with each other and exchange different segments of genetic material to form two recombinant chromosome sister chromatids

Question 22

Why must sex cells first undergo meiosis before fertilization?

Answer 22

To create haploid gametes that will be used in fertilization; need to reduce the number of chromosomes to n in order to correctly yield a 2n (diploid) organism during fertilization, if not problems may occur

Question 23

Discuss two ways meiosis contributes to genetic variation.

Answer 23

Crossing over; random lining up of chromosomes at equator

Question 24

Although mitosis and meiosis both involve cell division, they transmit genetic material in very different ways. What happens when either of these processes goes awry?

Answer 24

Cancer; mutations