Meiosis & Genetics Flashcards
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four haploid cells.
True or False: Meiosis results in two identical daughter cells.
False: Meiosis results in four genetically diverse haploid cells.
What is the main purpose of meiosis?
The main purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes for sexual reproduction.
Fill in the blank: Meiosis consists of two rounds of division called __________ and __________.
meiosis I and meiosis II
What occurs during prophase I of meiosis?
Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over.
Which phase of meiosis involves the separation of homologous chromosomes?
Meiosis I
What is crossing over?
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I.
True or False: Meiosis results in diploid cells.
False: Meiosis results in haploid cells.
What are gametes?
Gametes are reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) that carry half the genetic information of an organism.
What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
Meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid cells, while mitosis produces two identical diploid cells.
During which phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?
During meiosis II.
Fill in the blank: The process of ________ ensures genetic diversity in offspring.
crossing over
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is a long strand of DNA wrapped around proteins that contains genetic information.
True or False: Humans have 46 chromosomes in their somatic cells.
True.
What is a diploid cell?
A diploid cell contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
What is a haploid cell?
A haploid cell contains only one set of chromosomes.
What is independent assortment?
Independent assortment is the random distribution of homologous chromosome pairs during meiosis.
True or False: Genetic variation is essential for evolution.
True.
What are alleles?
Alleles are different versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
Fill in the blank: The physical expression of a trait is known as its ________.
phenotype
What is a genotype?
A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, consisting of the alleles inherited from the parents.
Which type of inheritance involves one dominant and one recessive allele?
Complete dominance.
True or False: An organism with two identical alleles for a trait is said to be homozygous.
True.
What is the significance of the Punnett square?
The Punnett square is a tool used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from genetic crosses.
