Meiosis and Mitosis Flashcards
in this type of reproduction, a parent passes down ALL of its DNA to the offspring.
Asexual reproduction
Name three types of asexual reproduction
Binary Fission, Budding, Spore production
Name three advantages to asexual reproduction.
The process is very fast.
Large numbers of offspring can be
produced.
A mate is not required.
What is the disadvantage of asexual
reproduction?
All of the offspring are exactly alike.
There is little chance of adaptation.
In this type of reproduction, a parent
passes down only half of its DNA to its
offspring.
Sexual reproduction
What is the HUGE advantage to sexual
reproduction?
All of the offspring are different.
Variation leads to adaptation and evolution.
what are gametes
Sex cells – egg and sperm
What is a zygote?
a fertilized egg
What does the term “locus” or “loci”
mean?
it refers to the specific location of a gene on a chromosome
what are somatic cells
Any cell of an organism that is not a sex cell.
The two chromosomes of a pair that
carry the same genes at the same loci
are called?
homologous chromosomes
distinguish between autosomes and the sex chromosomes
In humans, the first 22 pairs of
chromosomes are autosomes. These
are the same in both males and
females.
The 23rd pair is the sex chromosomes and
these determine if an offspring is male
or female.
what does the term diploid mean
Diploid means that there are two of each
kind of chromosome in each cell.
In mitosis, how does the chromosome
number of the new cells compare to
the chromosome number of the parent
cells?
they are the same
In meiosis, how does the chromosome
number of the new cells compare to
the chromosome number of the parent
cells?
The chromosome number of the
daughter cells has been reduced by
half.
Cells that contain only one of each kind
of chromosome are said to be …..?
Haploid
what is synapsis and when does it occur
During synapsis, homologous
chromosomes join together to form
tetrads.
It occurs during prophase I of meiosis.
What are chiasmata? What happens at
the chiasmata?
Chiasmata are places along the
chromosome where homologous pairs
are joined together.
Crossing over may occur.
what happens during crossing over
It is the reciprocal exchange of genetic
information between the nonsister
chromatids of a tetrad.
Name given to individual
chromosomes that have some
combination of DNA from both
parents.
recombinant chromosomes
What is the difference between
metaphase of mitosis and metaphase I
of meiosis?
In mitosis, pairs of sister chromatids are
lined up during metaphase.
In meiosis, tetrads are lined up during
metaphase 1.
What is the difference between
anaphase of mitosis and anaphase of
meiosis?
In mitosis, sister chromatids are
separated during anaphase.
In meiosis, homologous pairs are
separated in anaphase I and sister
chromatids are separated during
anaphase II.
What three processes occur that result
in variation in the offspring?
Independent assortment
Crossing over
Random Fertilization
what is oogenesis
The production of egg cells.
