Meiosis and Mitosis

Question 1

in this type of reproduction, a parent passes down ALL of its DNA to the offspring.

Answer 1

Asexual reproduction

Question 2

Name three types of asexual reproduction

Answer 2

Binary Fission, Budding, Spore production

Question 3

Name three advantages to asexual reproduction.

Answer 3

The process is very fast.

Large numbers of offspring can be
produced.

A mate is not required.

Question 4

What is the disadvantage of asexual
reproduction?

Answer 4

All of the offspring are exactly alike.
There is little chance of adaptation.

Question 5

In this type of reproduction, a parent
passes down only half of its DNA to its
offspring.

Answer 5

Sexual reproduction

Question 6

What is the HUGE advantage to sexual
reproduction?

Answer 6

All of the offspring are different.

Variation leads to adaptation and evolution.

Question 7

what are gametes

Answer 7

Sex cells – egg and sperm

Question 8

What is a zygote?

Answer 8

a fertilized egg

Question 9

What does the term “locus” or “loci”
mean?

Answer 9

it refers to the specific location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 10

what are somatic cells

Answer 10

Any cell of an organism that is not a sex cell.

Question 11

The two chromosomes of a pair that
carry the same genes at the same loci
are called?

Answer 11

homologous chromosomes

Question 12

distinguish between autosomes and the sex chromosomes

Answer 12

In humans, the first 22 pairs of
chromosomes are autosomes. These
are the same in both males and
females.

The 23rd pair is the sex chromosomes and
these determine if an offspring is male
or female.

Question 13

what does the term diploid mean

Answer 13

Diploid means that there are two of each
kind of chromosome in each cell.

Question 14

In mitosis, how does the chromosome
number of the new cells compare to
the chromosome number of the parent
cells?

Answer 14

they are the same

Question 15

In meiosis, how does the chromosome
number of the new cells compare to
the chromosome number of the parent
cells?

Answer 15

The chromosome number of the
daughter cells has been reduced by
half.

Question 16

Cells that contain only one of each kind
of chromosome are said to be …..?

Answer 16

Haploid

Question 17

what is synapsis and when does it occur

Answer 17

During synapsis, homologous
chromosomes join together to form
tetrads.

It occurs during prophase I of meiosis.

Question 18

What are chiasmata? What happens at
the chiasmata?

Answer 18

Chiasmata are places along the
chromosome where homologous pairs
are joined together.

Crossing over may occur.

Question 19

what happens during crossing over

Answer 19

It is the reciprocal exchange of genetic
information between the nonsister
chromatids of a tetrad.

Question 20

Name given to individual
chromosomes that have some
combination of DNA from both
parents.

Answer 20

recombinant chromosomes

Question 21

What is the difference between
metaphase of mitosis and metaphase I
of meiosis?

Answer 21

In mitosis, pairs of sister chromatids are
lined up during metaphase.

In meiosis, tetrads are lined up during
metaphase 1.

Question 22

What is the difference between
anaphase of mitosis and anaphase of
meiosis?

Answer 22

In mitosis, sister chromatids are
separated during anaphase.

In meiosis, homologous pairs are
separated in anaphase I and sister
chromatids are separated during
anaphase II.

Question 23

What three processes occur that result
in variation in the offspring?

Answer 23

Independent assortment

Crossing over

Random Fertilization

Question 24

what is oogenesis

Answer 24

The production of egg cells.

Question 25

what is spermatogenesis

Answer 25

The production of sperm cells.

Question 26

How is meiosis different in the
production of egg cells as compared to
sperm cells?

Answer 26

In oogenesis there is an unequal
cytokinesis. The result is the
production of one large egg and three
small, nonfunctional polar bodies.

Spermatogenesis produces 4 equal size
sperm cells.

Question 27

Give 2 more ways that oogenesis is
different than spermatogenesis.

Answer 27

The number of egg cells is set at birth.
Sperm cells are produced
continuously.

There are start and stop gaps in
oogenesis. Meiosis in sperm cells is an
uninterrupted process.