Meiosis and genetics vocab Flashcards
Pro(before)phase I
Crossing over occurs. This is a process where chromosomes exchange their genetic information with each other.
M(middle)etaphase I
Homologous pairs of chromosomes align in the middle of a cell.
A(away)naphase I
Chromosomes are pulled away to opposite sides of the cell.
T(two)elophase I
New nuclei are formed at opposite ends to make two new cells.
Prophase II
Chromosomes condense in both cells.
Metaphase II
Chromosomes line up in the middle in a single line in a cell.
Anaphase II
Chromatids are pulled away to opposite sides of the cell.
Telophase II
Nuclei reform and two cells divide into four cells.
Meiosis definition
Meiosis is a cell division that produces gametes which results in four different daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Egg
Female reproductive cell
Sperm
Male reproductive cell
Variety/variation definition
Variety means each gamete contains a different set of DNA.
Chromosomes definition
A chromosome is a structure that is found inside the nucleus of a cell that it made up of DNA and protein.
Homologous chromosomes definition
Homologous chromosomes mean that the chromosomes are approximately the same size.
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is a process of developing male gametes (sperm) that occurs in the testes. When two divisions happen, it produces 4 sperm cells.
Oogenesis
Oogenesis is a process of developing female gametes (eggs) that occurs in the ovaries. When two divisions happen, it produces one egg cell and three polar bodies.
Allele definition
An allele is an alternative form of producing a variety of genes.
Dominant alleles definition
Dominant alleles are the relationship between the two versions of genes shown in capital letters.
Recessive alleles definition
Recessive alleles present only their own gene shown in lowercase letters.
Genotype definition
Genotype is the entire set of genes that are shown in letter combinations.
Phenotype definition
The physical appearance of the organism.
Trait definition
A characteristic
Heterozygous definition
Heterozygous is the presence of two different alleles one dominant and recessive.
Homozygous definition
Homozygous is the presence of two identical alleles both dominant or recessive.
Gene definition
Genes carry the information that determines traits.
