Meiosis and genetics vocab

Question 1

Pro(before)phase I

Answer 1

Crossing over occurs. This is a process where chromosomes exchange their genetic information with each other.

Question 2

M(middle)etaphase I

Answer 2

Homologous pairs of chromosomes align in the middle of a cell.

Question 3

A(away)naphase I

Answer 3

Chromosomes are pulled away to opposite sides of the cell.

Question 4

T(two)elophase I

Answer 4

New nuclei are formed at opposite ends to make two new cells.

Question 5

Prophase II

Answer 5

Chromosomes condense in both cells.

Question 6

Metaphase II

Answer 6

Chromosomes line up in the middle in a single line in a cell.

Question 7

Anaphase II

Answer 7

Chromatids are pulled away to opposite sides of the cell.

Question 8

Telophase II

Answer 8

Nuclei reform and two cells divide into four cells.

Question 9

Meiosis definition

Answer 9

Meiosis is a cell division that produces gametes which results in four different daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Question 10

Egg

Answer 10

Female reproductive cell

Question 11

Sperm

Answer 11

Male reproductive cell

Question 12

Variety/variation definition

Answer 12

Variety means each gamete contains a different set of DNA.

Question 13

Chromosomes definition

Answer 13

A chromosome is a structure that is found inside the nucleus of a cell that it made up of DNA and protein.

Question 14

Homologous chromosomes definition

Answer 14

Homologous chromosomes mean that the chromosomes are approximately the same size.

Question 15

Spermatogenesis

Answer 15

Spermatogenesis is a process of developing male gametes (sperm) that occurs in the testes. When two divisions happen, it produces 4 sperm cells.

Question 16

Oogenesis

Answer 16

Oogenesis is a process of developing female gametes (eggs) that occurs in the ovaries. When two divisions happen, it produces one egg cell and three polar bodies.

Question 17

Allele definition

Answer 17

An allele is an alternative form of producing a variety of genes.

Question 18

Dominant alleles definition

Answer 18

Dominant alleles are the relationship between the two versions of genes shown in capital letters.

Question 19

Recessive alleles definition

Answer 19

Recessive alleles present only their own gene shown in lowercase letters.

Question 20

Genotype definition

Answer 20

Genotype is the entire set of genes that are shown in letter combinations.

Question 21

Phenotype definition

Answer 21

The physical appearance of the organism.

Question 22

Trait definition

Answer 22

A characteristic

Question 23

Heterozygous definition

Answer 23

Heterozygous is the presence of two different alleles one dominant and recessive.

Question 24

Homozygous definition

Answer 24

Homozygous is the presence of two identical alleles both dominant or recessive.

Question 25

Gene definition

Answer 25

Genes carry the information that determines traits.