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Biology-Silva > Meiosis and Genetics > Flashcards

Meiosis and Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

when does crossing over occur

A

prophase 1

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2
Q

what does meiosis produce

A

gamates

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3
Q

how many chromosomes are in a human gamate

A

23

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4
Q

When do cells replicate their data

A

S phase

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5
Q

What is DNA

A

The genetic code of organisms

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6
Q

How many genes does each chromosome have

A

1500

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7
Q

What are homologous chromosomes

A

Set of chromosomes (one from each parent), that are very similar to one another and have the same size/shape

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8
Q

what happens in interphase 1

A

a cell carries out a variety of metabolic functions

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9
Q

what are haploid cells (n)

A

describes a cell that contains a single set of chromomes

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10
Q

What are the stages of meiosis

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

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11
Q

what is genetic variation

A

Genetic variation is the difference in DNA among individuals

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12
Q

What is a mutation

A

A change in the DNA sequence

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13
Q

what is meiosis

A

special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms used to produce the gametes, such as sperm or egg cells.

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14
Q

Sister chromatids

A

Two halves of a duplicated chromosome

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15
Q

Diploid (2n)

A

Cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

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16
Q

meiosis l

A

Meiosis I is the first round of cell division, in which the goal is to separate homologous pairs.

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17
Q

meiosis ll

A

The second round of cell division is meiosis II, in which the goal is to separate sister chromatids.

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18
Q

How many cell divisions occur during meiosis?

A

two

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19
Q

Anaphase l

A

homologues separate to opposite ends of the cell

20
Q

Interphase

A

First stage of the cell cycle: the cell grows

21
Q

Metaphase

A

Second stage of the cell cycle; proteins connect to chromatids

22
Q

Telophase

A

Last stage of mitosis; two new nuclear membranes begin to form

23
Q

Chromatin

A

It is the complex combination of DNA and proteins that makes up chromosomes.

24
Q

What does a punnett square do

A

It helps you predict the genotype and phenotype of your offspring

25
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Divides the cell into 2 daughter cells and there are 4 chromosomes

26
Q

How many Daughter cells do you end up with at the end of Meiosis 2?

A

4 daughter cells

27
Q

When do chromosomes line up in a single file?

A

metaphase 2

28
Q

When does DNA replication take place?

A

interphase

29
Q

How many cell division are there in Meiosis?

A

two

30
Q

What is a gene

A

A sequence of DNA that codes for a specific trait

31
Q

What happens during crossing over

A

It’s the process that happens between homologous chromosomes in order to increase genetic activity

32
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

33
Q

What does RNA stand for

A

Ribonucleic acid

34
Q

What are the base pairs

A

A pair of complementary bases in a double stranded nucleus acid molecule

35
Q

What are the base pairs

A

A - apple
T-Tree
C-car
G-garage

36
Q

heteryzogous

A

having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes. One dominante allele and recessive allele. Aa

37
Q

homozygous

A

having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes. AA or aa

38
Q

homozygous dominant

A

when both alleles are dominant. Ex: AA

39
Q

Law of segregation

A

a diploid organism passes a randomly selected allele for a trait to its offspring, such that the offspring receives one allele from each parent.

40
Q

the law of independent assortment

A

states that the alleles of two different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another.

41
Q

gregor mendel

A

was an Austrian scientist, teacher, and Augustinian prelate who lived in the 1800s. He experimented on garden pea hybrids while living at a monastery and is known as the father of modern genetics.

42
Q

What are the bases of DNA

A

Adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine

43
Q

what are the bases of RNA

A

adenine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine

44
Q

What bases are purine

A

guanine and adenine

45
Q

what bases are pyrimidines

A

Cytosine and thymine

Biology-Silva (14 decks)

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