~Meiosis and genetice~

Question 1

Meiosis

Answer 1

Division of sex cells to produce four unique, new cells.

Question 2

Gamete

Answer 2

Sex cells

Question 3

Haploid cell

Answer 3

Cell that contains only half of the genetic information

Question 4

Crossing over

Answer 4

When homologous chromosomes trade fragments of genetic information during prophase 1

Question 5

Independent assortment

Answer 5

The random assortment of chromosomes during metaphase 1.

Question 6

Allele

Answer 6

Different forms of a gene type

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

Genetic makeup; letters used to represent alleles; examples TT, Tt, tt

Question 8

Phenotype

Answer 8

Physical appearance based on inherited traits; observable traits.

Question 9

Dominant trait

Answer 9

Stronger allele; trait that is shown; masks or hides the recessive.

Question 10

Recessive trait

Answer 10

Weaker allele; trait can be hidden or masked by stronger alleles.

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

Pure; two of the same alleles for a trait; Example: TT or Tt

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

Hybrid; two different alleles for a trait; Example: Tt

Question 13

Carrier

Answer 13

Individual that shows the dominant trait, but has or “Carries” a recessive allele.

Question 14

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 14

Trait is controlled by more than one allele. (ex. eye color, hair color…)

Question 15

Codominace

Answer 15

Both alleles are dominant and expressed together.

Question 16

Incomplete dominance

Answer 16

Neither allele is dominant. Instead a blend of the two alleles is expressed.

Question 17

Sex - linked traits

Answer 17

Traits carried by the x chromosome; examples: color blindness and hemophilia

Question 18

Pedigree

Answer 18

Genetic representation of a family tree

Question 19

Nondisjuction

Answer 19

When chromosome pairs fail to seperate during meiosis; can be detected with karyotype.

Question 20

Karyotype

Answer 20

Chart of a paired chromosomes; can identify sex and abnormal numbers of chromosomes.