Meiosis

Question 1

Genetics is

Answer 1

The scientific study of heredity and variation

Question 2

Heredity

Answer 2

Transmission of traits from one gen to the next

Question 3

Variation

Answer 3

Differences in appearance that offspring show from parents and siblings

Question 4

Different versions of genes are called

Answer 4

Alleles

Question 5

Genes are passed between generations through the use of

Answer 5

Gametes

Question 6

What is the location of a gene on a chromosome called

Answer 6

A locus

Question 7

The union of gametes is called

Answer 7

Fertilization

Question 8

A fertilized egg is called a

Answer 8

Diploid zygote

Question 9

What type of cells are produced by a zygote

Answer 9

Somatic cells

Question 10

Are gametes haploid or diploid

Answer 10

Haploid

Question 11

Gametes are produced by

Answer 11

Meiosis

Question 12

Two chromosomes in a pair are called

Answer 12

Homologous chromosomes or homologs

Question 13

What is a karyotype

Answer 13

An ordered display of chromosomes in an individual cell

Question 14

Why is colchicine added before karyotype processing

Answer 14

Arrests the cell at metaphase during cell division so chromosomes are more condensed and easier to see and categorize

Question 15

What chromosomes are X and Y

Answer 15

Sex chromosomes

Question 16

The 22 pairs of chromosomes that don’t determine sex are

Answer 16

Autosomes

Question 17

How many sets of chromosomes in a diploid cell

Answer 17

Two

Question 18

How many sets of chromosomes are in a haploid cell

Answer 18

One

Question 19

What are three chromosomal disorders

Answer 19

Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, turner syndrome

Question 20

What is down syndrome and what causes it

Answer 20

Three copies of chromosome 21,
Most common chromosomal abnormality,
Associated with delay in cognitive ability and physical growth

Question 21

What is Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 21

XXY male
Has male sex organs but is sterile
May display female characteristics
Normal intelligence

Question 22

What is turner syndrome

Answer 22

XO female
Do not sexually mature during puberty (sterile)
Short stature
Normal intelligence

Question 23

How many daughter cells come from meiosis

Answer 23

4

Question 24

What type of division is meiosis I

Answer 24

Reductional division

Question 25

What type of division is meiosis II

Answer 25

Equational division

Question 26

What are all the phases of meiosis with the respective number of chromosomes and sister chromatids in each cell in a typical human and wether it’s haploid or diploid

Answer 26

Prophase I 46 92 2n Metaphase I 46 92 2n Anaphase I 46 92 2n Telophase I 46 92 2n Cytokinesis I 23 46 n Prophase II 23 46 n Metaphase II 23 46 n Anaphase II 46 0 n Telophase II 46 0 n Cytokinesis II 23 0 n

Question 27

What is different in prophase I compared to prophase

Answer 27

Synapsis where homologous chromosomes pair up and form a bivalent or a tetrad and form one or more regions called chiasmata where crossing over occurs. The attaching sister chromatids between the homologous pairs exchange DNA segments

Question 28

What is synapsis

Answer 28

When homologous pairs cross over in prophase I

Question 29

What is a bivalent

Answer 29

What homologous pairs form when crossing over

Question 30

What are chiasmata

Answer 30

The regions where crossing over occurs

Question 31

What is crossing over

Answer 31

The exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes

Question 32

What are the three mechanisms which contribute to genetic variation

Answer 32

Independent assortment of chromosomes Crossing over Random fertilization

Question 33

What is independent assortment

Answer 33

Bivalents orient randomly at metaphase I and each chromosome in a bivalent goes into an opposite cell randomly Each bivalent is independent of each other

Question 34

How do we calculate the number of possible combinations when chromosomes are assorted into gametes

Answer 34

2 to the power of n

Question 35

What type of chromosomes does crossing over produce

Answer 35

Recombinant chromosomes

Question 36

What contributes to random fertilization

Answer 36

Any sperm can fuse with any ovum (unfertilized egg)