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BIology: Genetics > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

Concept 3

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1
Q

Somatic Cells

A

body cells
-diploid (2n)

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2
Q

Gametes

A

sex cells
-haploid (n)

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3
Q

Diploid Cells

A

2 full sets of chromosomes
-1 set per parents

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4
Q

Haploid Cells

A

1 full set of chromosomes
-1 set of both mom + dad’s chromosomes

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5
Q

Autosomes

A

carry traits that make you who you are
-1st 22 pairs of chromosomes

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6
Q

Sex Chromosome

A

carry traits that make you who you are AND determine your biological sex
-23rd pair of chromosomes (X or Y)

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7
Q

Meiosis Diagram

A

Nothing: 2n: Duplicated
Meiosis I: n: Duplicated
Meiosis II: n: Unduplicated

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8
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

chromosome pairs that have the same type of genes
-1 from mom
-1 from dad

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9
Q

Sister chromatids

A

2 identical copies of the same chromosome

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10
Q

Before Meiosis I

A

Interphase: growth phase G1, S, G2
-at end of interphase, cell has Duplicated 2 copies of each chromosome

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11
Q

Meiosis I

A

Separation of homologous chromosomes
-diploid Duplicated —-> haploid duplicated

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12
Q

Meiosis I: Prophase 1

A

-nuclear membrane breaks down
-centrioles separate and make spindle fibers
-homologous chromosomes pair up and become visible
-CROSSING OVER: chromosomes cross over and swap pieces of DNA, creates new combo of genes

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13
Q

Meiosis I: Metaphase 1

A

homologous chromosomes are lined up in the middle in pairs

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14
Q

Meiosis I: Anaphase 1

A

homologous chromosomes pairs separate
-sister chromatids are still attatched

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15
Q

Meiosis I: Telophase 1

A

-chromosomes gather at poles
-nuclear membranes may reform
-Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides into 2 cells

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16
Q

End Result of Meiosis I

A

2 haploid daughter cells with Duplicated chromosomes that are different from the sets in the original diploid cell

17
Q

Meiosis II

A

-Skip Interphase
-Separation of sister chromatids, Duplicated chromosomes divide into Unduplicated individual chromosomes

18
Q

Meiosis II: Prophase 2

A

-nuclear membrane breaks down (if it reformed)
-spindle fibers form and attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids

19
Q

Meiosis II: Metaphase 2

A

-sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cells single-file

20
Q

Meiosis II: Anaphase 2

A

-sister chromatids separate and are pulled away to each side of the cells

21
Q

Meiosis II: Telophase 2

A

-nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes
-spindle fibers dissolve
-cytokinesis

22
Q

End Result of Meiosis II

A

4 undifferentiated haploid daughter cells that are genetically unique

23
Q
A

BIology: Genetics (3 decks)

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