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Biology > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sexual reproduction

A

2 different sexes combine genetic information to produce offspring with genetic variation

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2
Q

gamete

A

cells involved in sexual reproduction

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3
Q

meiosis

A

type of cell division that produces gametes with half the amount of chromosomes in the parent cells resulting in variation

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4
Q

autosome

A

numbered chromosomes containing genes with traits for an organism
humans have 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex cells (XX or XY)

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5
Q

somatic cell

A

all cells other than gametes (sperm and egg cells) in the body

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6
Q

sex chromosome

A

chromosomes that determine an individual’s sex
male: XY
female: XX

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7
Q

diploid

A

cell/organism with two sets of chromosomes from each parent
contains a total of 46 chromosomes in humans

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8
Q

haploid

A

cell/organism with only one set of unpaired chromosomes
contains a total of 23 chromosomes in humans

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9
Q

prophase I

A

(chromatin condenses into chromosomes) homologous chromosomes pair, crossing over

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10
Q

metaphase I

A

tetrads line up

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11
Q

anaphase I

A

chromosomes split to either side of cell by spindle fibers

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12
Q

telophase I

A

cell divides into two with sister chromatids still attatched

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13
Q

prophase II

A

seperation of sister chromatids

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14
Q

metaphase II

A

mitosis in two cells

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15
Q

anaphase II

A

sister chromatids split apart to opposite sides of cell

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16
Q

telophase II

A

cells complete division, resulting in 4 cells, one set of chromosomes each (genetically different)

17
Q

cytokinesis

A

physically separates the two cells by dividing the cell’s organelles and cytoplasm

18
Q

sister chromatids

A

two identical copies of a chromosome containing the same information

19
Q

tetrad

A

group of 4 chromatids fromed during prophase I (bivalent)

20
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

pairs of chromosomes with matching genes one from each parent

21
Q

non-sister chromatids

A

chromatids that belong to different chromosomes in a homologous pair

22
Q

crossing over

A

homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information making genetic variation

23
Q

nondisjunction

A

chromosomes fail to seperate properly

24
Q

karyotype

A

chromosomes arranged on a chart according to size, shape, and characteristics

25
Q

trisomy 21

A

genetic conditions where one has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two

26
Q

law of independent assortment

A

the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another

27
Q

law of segregation

A

during formation of gametes, the two copies of each alleles separate from each other

Biology (3 decks)

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