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Honors Biology Period 2 > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What does each parent produce that is a reproductive cell?

A

gametes

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2
Q

A gamete from one parent that fuses w/ a gamete from the other is called?

A

fertilization

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3
Q

Resulting cell from gametes?

A

zygote

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4
Q

What type of cell can produce gametes?

A

germ cells

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5
Q

what are other body cells called?

A

somatic cells

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6
Q

What is a characteristic number of chromosomes that each species has?

A

chromosome number

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7
Q

If an organism has too many or too few chromosomes, what may happen?

A

organism would not develop or function properly

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8
Q

What are diploid cells?

A

a cell that has two sets of chromosomes

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9
Q

What are Haploid cells?

A

a cell that has one set of chromosomes

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10
Q

What are chromosomes that do not code gender?

A

autosomes

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11
Q

What are sex chromosomes?

A

contain genes for determined gender

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12
Q

Who is XX?

A

females

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13
Q

Who is XY?

A

males

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14
Q

What happens in meiosis 1?

A

dna has been replicated and forms homologous chromosomes

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15
Q

what happens in prophase 1?

A

homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads by synapsis

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16
Q

what are tetrads

A

4 chromatid

17
Q

What is crossing over?

A

exchange corresponding genetic info between chromosomes

18
Q

what happens in metaphase 1?

A

homologous chromosomes pairs line up on the equator

19
Q

What is the random assortment of chromosomes across the equator?

A

independent assortment

20
Q

what happens in anaphase 1?

A

homologous chromosomes separate and each chromosome moves toward opposite poles

21
Q

what happens in telophase 1?

A

the cytoplasm divides to form two new cells

22
Q

Summary of Meiosis 1

A
  • synapsis and crossing over takes place
  • homologous pairs of chromosomes line up (independent assortment) and seperate
23
Q

Is Mitosis and Meiosis 2 the same?

A

Yes

24
Q

How many cells does Meiosis 2 start with?

A

2

25
Q

Are the chromosomes copied in Meiosis 2?

A

No

26
Q

What happens in Prophase 2?

A

Chromosomes form, spindle fibers form

27
Q

What happens in Metaphase 2?

A

the individual chromosomes line up along the equators

28
Q

What happens in Anaphase 2?

A

the sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell

29
Q

What happens in Telophase 2?

A

a nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes; the spindle breaks down and the cell goes thru cytokinesis

30
Q

What is the total amount of cells/ result of Meiosis?

A

Four, genetically unique, cells

31
Q

Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis

A
  1. Homologous chromosomes v. sister chromatids
  2. mitosis occurs in somatic cells and meiosis occurs in germ cells
  3. genetic variation as a result of crossing over and independent assortment
  4. Crossing over and synapsis in Meiosis 1

Honors Biology Period 2 (1 decks)

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