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Animal Biology FdSc > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

What causes genetic variation?

A

The crossing over of chromosomes

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2
Q

How many chromosomes should a human zygote have?

A

46

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3
Q

What are the chromosomes that pair up called?

A

Homologous

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4
Q

What represents chromosome number during fertilisation?

A

n+n=2n

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5
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Cell division in reproductive structures of an organism

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6
Q

What happens during Interphase?

A
  • Before meiosis I occurs
  • DNA for each chromosome are copied; now consists of two sister chromatids
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7
Q

What happens during Prophase I?

A
  • Before meiosis I occurs
  • Chromosomes shorten
  • Centrioles move to opposite ends of cell
  • fibres of spindle develop
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8
Q

What happens during Late Prophase I?

A
  • The start of meiosis I
  • nuclear envelope breaks down
  • Chromosome move together to form pairs (homologous)
  • Chiasma occurs, chromatids cross over
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9
Q

What happens in Metaphase I?

A
  • Nuclear membrane gone
  • Chromosome pairs line up in centre of spindle, attached at the centromere
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10
Q

What happens during Anaphase I?

A
  • Spindle fibres shorten, chromosomes are pulled towards poles
  • each poor has complete set of haploid chromosomes
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11
Q

What happens during Telophase I?

A
  • Two groups of chromosomes form at pole, start to uncoil
  • Two nuclei start to form
  • Nuclear membrane appears
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12
Q

What happens during Prophase II?

A
  • Start of Meiosis II
  • Centrioles move to opposite ends of cell
  • Spindle fibres develop
  • Nuclear envelope breaks down
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13
Q

What happens during Metaphase II?

A
  • Chromosomes line up randomly on the centre of the spindle
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14
Q

What happens during Anaphase II?

A
  • Centromeres split, separating sister chromatids and pulling to each end of the cell
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15
Q

What happens during Telophase II?

A
  • Nuclear envelope surrounds each haploid set of chromatids
  • Chromatids uncoil, spindles disappear
  • Four cells are produced with half the number of chromosomes as the parents
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16
Q

What are the cells called that’re made from meiosis?

A

Gametes (sperm and egg)

17
Q

What are haploid cells?

A

They have a single set of chromosomes

18
Q

What are diploid cells?

A
  • Has 2 copies of each chromosome
  • Referred to as 2n
19
Q

What does crossing over create?

A
  • Unique gametes
  • Genetic variation
20
Q

How many daughter cells does meiosis create?

21
Q

How many chromosomes do gametes have?

Animal Biology FdSc (8 decks)

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