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Hematology 2 > Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet > Flashcards

Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet Flashcards

1
Q

_______________ may be defined as a method for controlling infection in which all blood and certain body fluids are treated as if infected with hepatitis B, human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or other
disease-producing blood-borne pathogens.

A

Universal Standard Precautions

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2
Q

Primary reason for universal/standard precautions

A

all patients infected with blood-borne
pathogens cannot be readily identified.

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3
Q

__________________ exposure to blood and other body fluids must be prevented.

A

Skin and Mucous membranes

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4
Q

___________ must be worn when there is any possibility of coming in contact with blood or other body fluids.

A

Gloves

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5
Q

prior to removal and disposal of soiled gloves, in which type of waste container/bin it must be disposed of?

A

biohazardous waste bin

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6
Q

T or F: if the gloves has been worn at least once it can still be reused

A

False. Gloves must never be reused

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7
Q

Which of the following must be worn if there is a possibility of droplets or spattering of the blood or body fluid?

A

Masks and protective eyewear (Safety goggles)

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8
Q

Which protective equipment used in the work area acts as an alternative when working with splattering lab work?

A

plexiglass shields

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9
Q

T or F: Gowns or laboratory coats should be worn when working with blood or body fluids.

A

True

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10
Q

Which type of biohazard container should needles and other sharp equipment should be placed?

A

red colored puncture-resistant biohazard container labeled with “sharps”

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11
Q

All laboratory work benches must be decontaminated
with which appropriate germicide?

A

1:10 or 10% Hypochlorite solution

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12
Q

Decontamination is done ___________

A

Regularly; once per shift

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13
Q

Functions of Platelets?

A
  • participates in hemostasis (primary and secondary)
  • Maintenance of capillary integrity
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14
Q

What is the normal range of platelet count?

A

150,000-450,000/ mm3 or 150-450 x10^3/mm3

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15
Q

the largest hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow.

A

Megakaryocyte

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16
Q

a process whereby the nuclear material reduplicates but the nucleus does not divide.

A

Endoreduplication (Endomitosis)

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17
Q

Platelets arise from unique bone marrow cells also known as?

A

Megakaryocytes

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18
Q

Which cluster of differentiation marker arise from 3 progenitor cells?

A

CD34

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19
Q

Enumerate the 3 progenitor cells of Megakaryocytes

A
  • Burst forming unit (BFU-Meg)
  • Colony forming Unit (CFU-Meg)
  • Light Density- CFU (LD-CFU-Meg)
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21
Q

Megakaryocytic stages perform the process of Endomitosis (Cell division without telophase) is also known as?

A

Terminal differentiation

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21
Q

Which cluster of differentiation marker arise from 3 lineage committed megakaryocytic cells?

A

CD42

22
Q

Further classified as granular and mature

A

Megakaryocyte (MK-III)

23
Q

Megakaryoblast characteristics

A
  • 20-50um
  • cytoplasm: non granular, Blue, darker than myeloblast, with small, blunt pseudopods,
  • Nucleus: Round, oval, multiple Nucleoli
  • N/C Ratio: 10:1
24
Q

Promegakaryocyte characteristics

A
  • 20-60um
  • Cytoplasm: More abundant, less basophilic, granules begin to form
  • Nucleus: Multiple nucleoli are visible. irregular in shape. may show lobulation.
  • N:C Ratio: 4:1 to 7:1
25
Q

Granular Megakaryocyte Characteristics

A
  • 30-90 um
  • Cytoplasm: Abundant, Pinkish-Blue in color. Very fine and diffusely granular.
  • Nucleus: Multiple nuclei or may show multi-lobulation, Chromatin is coarser. No
    nucleoli are visible.
  • N:C ratio: 2:1 to 1:1
26
Q

Mature Megakaryocyte Characteristics

A
  • 40-120 um
  • the Largest cell in the bone marrow
  • Cytoplasm: Contains Coarse clumps of granules aggregating into little bundles, which bud off from the periphery to become platelets.
  • Nucleus: Multilobulated. No nucleoli visible.
  • N:C Ratio less than 1:1
27
Q

Platelet Characteristics

A
  • 2-4 um, Cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocyte.
  • No nucleus
  • Cytoplasm: very granular, Light blue to purple
28
Q

Platelets survive within

A

7-10 days

29
Q

2/3- _________
1/3 - ________

A
  • Circulating pool
  • Splenic pool
30
Q

Anatomical Parts of platelets

A
  • Peripheral zone
  • Sol Gel zone
  • Organelle zone
  • Membranous zone
31
Q

Give the normal values:
Normal Range:
Normal function:
Hemorrhage:

A

150,000-450,000/ uL
>100,000/uL
<10,000/uL

32
Q

platelets participate in hemostasis by providing negative charged phospholipid surface for the activation of which coagulation factor/s?

A

Factor V and Factor II

33
Q

What are the surface glycoproteins found in the Peripheral zone?

A
  • major GP
  • GP Ib
  • GP Ib/IIIa
34
Q

3 mechanisms of coagulation/clotting

A
  • platelet adhesion
  • platelet activation
  • platelet aggregation
35
Q

attachment of platelet to
blood vessel surface)

A

adhesion

36
Q

attachment of Platelets to each other.

A

aggregation

37
Q

Parts of the Peripheral zone

A
  • Glycocalyx
  • Plasma membrane (lipid bilayer)
  • Submembranous membrane
38
Q

Fill in the blanks
____________ responsible for Primary Hemostasis
____________ receptor for vWf. Responsible for Platelet Adhesion
____________ Receptor for Fibrinogen. Responsible for Platelet Aggregation

A
  • major GP
  • GP Ib
  • GP Ib/IIIa
39
Q

Components for Sol Gel zone

A

Microfilaments & Microtubules

40
Q

Microfilaments are composed of?

Microtubules are composed of?

A

Actin & myosin
protein tubulin

41
Q

Components for the Organelle zone

A
  • Mitochondria
  • Alpha granules
  • Delta granules
42
Q

alpha granules contains?

A
  • Platelet factor 4
  • B thromboglobulin
  • Fibrinogen
  • Fibronectin
  • Platelet derived growth factor
  • von willebrand factor
  • factor V
43
Q

Delta granules (Dense bodies) contains?

A
  • ATP
  • ADP
  • Serotonin
  • Ca2+
  • Mg2+
44
Q

Components of the membranous system

A
  • Dense tubular system
  • Surface connecting system (Open Canalicular system)
45
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum that sequesters __________ for platelet activation

A

calcium

46
Q

invaginations of the plasma membrane for release of __________
during platelet activation process.

A

granule content

47
Q

cofactor in fibrin formation

A

Factor V and Factor VIII

48
Q

Promotes platelet adhesion

A

von Willebrand factor

49
Q

Fibrin formation

A

Fibrinogen

50
Q

Primary and Secondary messenger regulates platelet activation/ aggregation

A

Calcium

51
Q

enumerate the 3 lineage committed megakaryocytic cells?

A
  • MK-I or Megakaryoblast
  • MK-II or Promegakaryocyte
  • MK-III or Megakaryocyte

Hematology 2 (1 decks)

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