Meeting 2 Flashcards
Is the decision and practice of using less energy.
Energy Conservation
Benefits of energy conservation
- Protect the environment
- Reduce/lower electricity bill
- Generate utility savings.
- Increase property value = energy efficient frequently sell for a higher price.
- Enhance quality of life.
- Earn incremental returns on energy efficiency investment.
- Insulate yourself from rising electricity prices.
Produce natural gas and deliver it to customers.
Gas Utilities
Functions required in gas utilities:
Generation, trasmission, and distribution
Comes from wells that drill into underground deposits in natural gas field
Natural gas
Use non-thermal energy sources such as hydroelectric dams, wind turbine farms, and photovoltaic or solar-thermal facilities.
General facilities
Typically billed based on water consumption, measured in cubic meter.
Gas Utilities
Produce drinkable (potable) water and deliver it to customemrs.
Water Utilities
Functions required in water utilities
Treatment, transmission, and distribution.
Naturally collected in geographic water shed, where it drains into river systems, lakes, and underground aquifers.
Rainwater
Water utilities are tracked by?
Water meters
Always addresses health related issues such as the presense of biological and toxic contaminants.
Water treatment
Treatment addresses aesthetic issues that affect the: ______, _______, and ______.
Taste, odor, and color.
This is different fromm electricity, gas, and water. Does not generate a product and transport this product to the customers.
Telephone Utilities
The job of a telephone system
To connect two customers so that they can communicate.
Wastewater utilities are often called what?
Sewage utility
Transports dirty water away from customers and treats the dirty water so that it is suitatble to be discharged into the environment.
Wastewater utilities
Utilities are natural monopolies, they require government oversight so thata they do not exercise monopoly power to the detriment of customers and society.
Utility Regulation
Establish regulations and monitor for compliance
Regulatory bodies
Goal of regulators
To have utility services provided with adequate service levels for the lowest possible rates
Examples of Utilities Equipment
Water - Cooled Chiller
Airconditioning System
Cooling Tower
Air Compressor System
An integral part of the larger and more complex building procurement process through which an owner defines facility needs, considers architectural possibilities, contracts for design and construction services and uses the resulting facility.
Design Process
Typically beginss with predesign activities that establish the need for, feasibility of, and proposed scope for a facility.
A building project
Predesign activities may be conducted by:
- Design team (often under a separate contract)
- Owner
- Specialized consultant
Simply a statement that outlines the expected high-level outcome of the design process
Design intent
Will result the “first, best moves”
Strong design intent
Result in a weak building
Weak intent
Benchmarks against which success or failure in meeting design intent is measured.
Design criteria
Will ensure that all involved parties seriously address the technical and philosophical issues underlying the design intent.
Design Criteria
When should design criteria be established?
As early in the design process as possible -> certainly not later than the schematic design phase.
