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semester 3 > medsurg test 1 > Flashcards

medsurg test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

frontal lobe

A

higher cognition, speech, memory, motor control, thought and concentration

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2
Q

Parietal lobes

A

processing somatosensory, so your body in the environment, sensing temperature changes

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3
Q

Temporal and Occipital

A

ears and eyes respectively

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4
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordinated muscle movement

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5
Q

Meninges

A

duramater (outer), arachnoid layer, subarachnoid space (csf is here), pia mater (really thin, rests directly on the brain)

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6
Q

CN 1

A

olfactory. make the patient sniff a thing

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7
Q

CN 2

A

optic. can they see?

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8
Q

CN 3

A

Oculomotor. eye movements

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9
Q

CN 4

A

trochlear - eye movements

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10
Q

CN 5

A

trigeminal. facial sensation and chewing movements

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11
Q

CN 6

A

abducens. eye movements

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12
Q

CN 7

A

facial. make some faces

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13
Q

CN 8

A

auditory. hey lil mama lemme whisper in ya ear

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14
Q

CN 9

A

glossopharyngeal. taste and not usually tested

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15
Q

CN 10

A

vagus. check out the palate and gag reflex

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16
Q

CN 11

A

accessory. shoulder shrug

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17
Q

CN 12

A

hypoglossal. stick ya tongue out

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18
Q

PET scan need to know

A

avoid caffeine, alcohol and tobacco for 24 hours before an exam

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19
Q

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is used to

A

detect aneurism

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20
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG) prep

A

clean hair and stay up all night

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21
Q

Akinetic mutism

A

unresponsive to the environment. Does not move, might have eye movements

22
Q

Persistent vegetable state

A

devoid of cognitive function, but has sleep/wake cycles

23
Q

Locked-in syndrome

A

inability to move or respond except for eye movements due to lesion affecting the ponds

24
Q

normal intracranial pressure

A

Under 15 mm Hg

25
Q

normal cerebral perfusion pressure

A

Normal CCP is 70-100

26
Q

SIADH signs

A

decreased urine output, decreased Na+. 3% normal saline may be given (very slow infusion). Patients may be given mannitol

27
Q

DI s/s

A

increased urine output, increased Na+

28
Q

post-operative care for brain surgery

A

vigorously regulate body temperature

29
Q

drug of choice for a seizure happening right now

A

diazepam

30
Q

biggest risk factor for strike

A

HTN

31
Q

Basilar skull fracture s/s

A

Fractures to the base of the skull can present with bleeding from nose pharynx or ears, battle sign (ecchymosis behind the ear)
CSF leak: halo sign is a ring of fluid around the blood stain from the damage.

NO NG TUBES

32
Q

Cushing’s Triad

A

bradycardia, irregular respirations, and a widened pulse pressure

33
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

blood collection in the space between the skull and the dura. May have a brief LOC before returning to a lucid state, hematoma expects and leads to increased ICP. Emergency

34
Q

Intracerebral hemorrhage and hematoma

A

Occurs in the substance of the brain. Can be traumatic or non traumatic. Treatment includes supportive care, control of ICP. Craniotomy or craniectomy may be needed to remove clot.

35
Q

Cardinal signs of brain death

A

coma, absence of brainstem reflex, apnea

36
Q

Spinal Shock

A

sudden depression of reflex activity below the level of spinal injury. You will see muscular flaccidity and lack of sensation and reflexes

37
Q

Neurogenic Shock

A

caused by loss of function of the autonomic nervous system. BP, HR and cardiac output decrease, venous pooling occurs because of shit peripheral vasodilation, paralyzed portions of the body do not perspire.

38
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia

A

acute emergency - occurs after spinal shock has resolved and may occur years after the injury.
most common cause is distended bladder

39
Q

Meningitis Signs

A

Kernig’s Sign - leg cant be extended after bending
Brudzunski’s Sign - can’t just flex one leg, the other goes with it

40
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

MS is an autoimmune disorder that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.
periods of relapse

41
Q

Multiple Sclerosis Nursing Care

A

exercise, but really avoid overheating and heat in general, encourage fluids to avoid UTI, eyepatch for diplopia

42
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Autoimmune disorder affecting the myoneural junction. Antibodies directed at acetylcholine at the myoneural junction impair transmission of impulses. This one has the crises

43
Q

Myasthenia Gravis Nursing Care

A

Directed at improving function and reducing and removing circulating antibodies, therapeutic plasma exchange, thymectomy (removing the thymus gland).

44
Q

Myasthenic Crisis

A

MG related. From an infection

45
Q

Cholinergic Crisis

A

MG problem. From medications

46
Q

Guillain–Barré

A

Autoimmune disorder with acute attack of peripheral nerve myelin. Rapid demyelination may produce respiratory failure and autonomic nervous system dysfunction with CV instability.

47
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

5th cranial nerve, characterized by pain. More common in women and patients with MS. Patients can occur with any stimulation, even just air. Patients may avoid eating, neglect hygiene and even isolate to prevent attacks

48
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

facial paralysis caused by unilateral inflammation of the seventh cranial nerve. Manifestations include unilateral facial muscle weakness or paralysis with facial distortion, increased lacrimation, and painful sensations in the face, they may have difficulty with speech and eating. Usually recover within 3-5 weeks.

49
Q

Mononeuropathy

A

limited to one limb. teach the patient to protect the limb.

50
Q

Huntington’s Disease

A

A chronic progressive hereditary disease that results in choreiform movement and dementia
Pathology involves premature death of cells in the striatum of the basal ganglia (control of movement) and the cortex (thinking, memory, perception, judgment)

51
Q

ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A

Loss of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and loss of motor nuclei of the lower brainstem
Manifestations include progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles cramps, twitching, and lack of coordination, spasticity, deep tendon reflex brisk and overactive, difficulty speaking, swallowing, breathing

semester 3 (9 decks)

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