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Fortis Nursing > Medsurg Exam 2 > Flashcards

Medsurg Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What may someone experience in relation to fluid volume deficit?

A

High Hematocrit
High BUN
Decreased urine output <30ml/hr
High Sodium
Low Blood pressure
Elevated Heart Rate

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2
Q

What are symptoms of hypocalcemia?

A

-numbness, tingling, twitching, muscle weakness.
-Laryngeal Stridor
-positive chvosteks sign (contraction of facial muscles when taping on facial nerve)
- Trousseau’s sign (carpal spasm)

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3
Q

What may taking hydrochlorothiazide due to your lab values?

A

May increase loss of potassium, leading to hypokalemia 

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4
Q

What should be monitored of a patient on a thiazide?

A

blood pressures, potassium and renal levels

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5
Q

What may help monitor fluid loss with cardiac edema?

A

Daily Weights , should not loose more than 0.5kg/day

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6
Q

What are the signs of hypovalemia?

A

-confusion
-bounding pulses
-low sodium (hyponatremia)

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7
Q

What may a patient with gastroenteritis be at risk for?

A

Fluid volume deficit— due to increased bleeding, vomiting, polyuria, diarrhea

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8
Q

What are signs of hypermagnesemia?

A

-diminished deep tendon reflexes
-Urinary retention
-Nausea vomiting
-Bradycardia
-hypotension

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9
Q

What are signs of hypomagnesemia?

A

-Increased urine output
-hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
-Muscle cramps

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10
Q

What are the signs of dehydration?

A

Irregular pulse - Report to provider

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11
Q

What symptoms may someone who is having a blood transfusion reaction experience?

A

itching skin, hives

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12
Q

What may put a patient at risk for iron deficiency anemia?

A

inadequate diet, blood loss

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13
Q

What is the client who consumes a vegetarian diet at risk for?

A

iron deficiency anemia

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14
Q

Who is at risk for disseminated intravascular coagulation?

A

a patient who has sepsis

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15
Q

What interventions may be done in relation to pernicious anemia?

A

Vitamin B12 injections, oral iron supplements

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16
Q

What lab values indicate multiple myeloma?

A

hypernatermia (High calcium)

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17
Q

what should we monitor of a patient diagnosed with multiple myeloma?

A

Monitor i/os

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18
Q

What are signs of severe anemia?

A

tachycardia due to increase cardiac output

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19
Q

What are symptoms of hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Lymph node enlargement
fever
night sweats

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20
Q

What occurs when platelet count is below 150,000?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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21
Q

What should the nurse educate the patient about when taking ferrous sulfate?

A

take medication with orange juice

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22
Q

What education should the nurse teach when prescribed an oral iron liquid supplement?

A

Take one hour before eating, or two hours after
Rinse mouth
black tarry stool
eat leafy greens

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23
Q

What are risk factors for aplastic anemia?

A

Radiation/ Chemo
Toxins (pesticides, cigarette smoke)
Infectious diseases (hepatitis)
Autoimmune disorder
Pregnant

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24
Q

What should you educate your patient when on neutropenia precautions?

A

avoid gardening
eat throughly cooked food, no fruits/veggies
brush teeth 4 times a day, only floss once
drink prepackaged water

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25
What precautions should be taken of a patient with pertussis? (whooping cough)
cover mouth wash hands droplet isolation (if in hospital)
26
What diagnostic test would be orders for suspicion of pneumonia?
Chest X-ray CBC-look for increased WBCs Sputum Culture
27
What are prevention measures for pneumonia in older adults?
Annual Flu/ Pneumococcal Vaccine Stop smoking hand washing avoid ill people/crowds
28
What are early indications of hypoxia?
Anxiety, confusion, restlessness
29
What diagnostic test confirms diagnosis of TB?
3 sputum cultures
30
What is Von Willebrand disease?
Bleeding disorder, blood doesn’t clot properly
31
What is the treatment for Von Willebrand disease?
desmopressin (DDAVP) injections
32
What should a client with pneumonia include in their diet?
foods high in protein nuts, seeds, white fish, sardines
33
What is the priority interventions for a client post bronchoscopy?
Keep NPO, wait for gag reflex patient is at risk for aspiration, maintain open airway
34
What education should be provided to your patient to prevent asthma attacks?
-avoid air pollutants (perfumes)
35
What are the priority interventions for a client having an acute asthma attack?
nebulizer bronchodilators
36
What assessment findings are expected for clients with COPD?
decreased chest expansion hyperresonance on percussion diminished breath sounds
37
What can you delegate to a UAP regarding oxygen therapy for a COPD client?
Assist the client to get out of the bed. Only able to assist with positioning and activities of daily living
38
What is effective discharge teaching of a client with home oxygen therapy?
instruct client to not smoke avoid exposure to others with infections adhere to activity limitation
39
What is the best lab value indicator of respiratory insufficiency?
ABG
40
What is the best diagnostic test to indicate respiratory insufficiency?
pulse ox chest x-ray ABGs end tidal carbon dioxide monitoring
41
What is the priority assessment for a client with a nasal feature and head trauma?
Safety, make sure patient doesn’t aspirate
42
What should be done for a cystic fibrosis client?
chest physiotherapy every 4 hours, schedule airway clearances
43
What would the assessment of a bleb be if someone is exposed to TB?
Palpable, hardened or swelling (no redness
44
What may indicate from a bleb of someone who lives in a nursing facility or in end stage renal disease is TB positive?
Bleb is 10mm or larger
45
What may indicate from a bleb of someone who is immunocompromised is TB positive?
bleb is 5mm or larger
46
What are the adverse effects of isoniazid treatment for TB?
Isoniazid hepatic toxicity vomiting confusion headaches elevated ALT, AST
47
What should you instruct your client to do when using isoniazid for TB?
Take on empty stomach Avoid alcohol Avoid acetaminophen
48
What should you instruct to your client when using antitubercular medications for TB?
when taking medications such as isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide patient may get nonviral hepatitis
49
What is the normal range for urine specific gravity?
1.005 to 1.030
50
If you noticed Trousseau’s sign on assessment, what should you obtain?
Calcium Levels- they will be low
51
What kind of patient has the greatest risk for hypovalemia?
A draining wound
52
What is priority when your patient is having a reaction to blood transfusion?
Stop the infusion
53
What is your patient at risk for if they are having a panic attack?
Respiratory alkalosis
54
If your patient has folic acid anemia, what should your next step be?
Place a dietary consult
55
Your patient was diagnosed with severe anemia, what may they experience?
Tachycardia
56
What will be present if your patient has hodgkins lymphoma?
presence of sternburg cells
57
Your patient is newly prescribed heparin, what are they at risk for?
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
58
What should you ask your patient diagnosed with hemophilia?
Ask about joint pain Color of stools do you bruise easily
59
Who is at risk for aspiration pneumonia?
Decreased level of consciousness NG tubes Difficulty swallowing
60
Your patient qualifies for at home oxygen therapy, what education needs provided?
Avoid wool blankets No smoking only use length of tubing necessary to prevent falls
61
How should your patient clean their oxygen delivery?
Wash prongs with soap and water once a week, change tubing if sick
62
What is the normal sodium levels?
135-145
63
What is normal magnesium levels?
1.5-2.5
64
What is normal calcium levels?
9-11
65
What is a normal BUN level?
7-20
66
Normal hemoglobin level (female)
12-16
67
normal hemoglobin level (male)
13-18
68
normal hematocrit level (female)
36-48%
69
normal hematocrit levels (male)
39-54%
70
Normal PaCO2 level
35-45
71
normal PaO2 level
80-100
72
Normal HCO3 level
22-26
73
normal creatinine level
0.6-1.2
74
What does metabolic alkalosis levels look like?
PH greater than 7.45 HCO3 greater than 26
75
What does metabolic acidosis look like?
PH less than 7.35 HCO3 less than 22
76
What does respiratory alkalosis look like?
PH greater than 7.45 CO2 less than 35
77
what does respiratory acidosis look like?
PH less than 7.35 CO2 greater than 45

Fortis Nursing (4 decks)

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