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Medsurg test 1 > medsurg 1 > Flashcards

medsurg 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what part of eye is responsible for blood supply and the optic nerve travels through

A

optic disc

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2
Q

what are the three layers to the orbit of the eye?

A

sclera; white part
choroid; blood distrubtede
retina; rods and cons

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3
Q

collection of blood in anterior chamber of eye

A

hyphema

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4
Q

collection of blood around eye … EMERGENCY

A

retrobulbar hematoma

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5
Q

cut or scratch on cornea

A

corneal abrasion

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6
Q

broken blood vessels in sclera

A

subconjunctival hemorrhage …no pain discharge or vision changes

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7
Q

serration of retina from the chorioid vitreous humor seeps behind the retina

A

retinal detachment

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8
Q

sudden onset of light flashes, floaters

A

retinal detachment

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9
Q

retinal degenerative process involving the macula .. two types dry and wet

A

age related macular degeneration

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10
Q

yellow exudate beneath retinal epithelium

A

AMD

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11
Q

abnormalities in retinal blood vessels secondary to diabetes mellitus

A

diabetic retinopathy

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12
Q

inflammation or infection of auricle and ear canal

A

external otitis.. swimmers ear

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13
Q

pain fecer malasie headache decreased hearing

A

acute otitis media

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14
Q

purulent drainage hearing loss nausea vertigo pain facial palsy

A

chronic otitits media and mastoididtis

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15
Q

sterile fluid effusion in middle ear behind ear drum… fullness in ear, pressure

A

serious otitis media

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16
Q

autosomal dominat gene disease in which footplate stapes is fixated to oval window by bony overgrowth

A

otosclerosis

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17
Q

a syndrome… vestibular auditory, tinnitus

A

menieres disease

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18
Q

normal white blood cell count

A

4,500 - 11,000

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19
Q

what does low WBC mean

A

neutropenia

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20
Q

what does high WBC mean

A

infection / inflammation

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21
Q

what is normal hematocrit

A

35-50%

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22
Q

low hematocrit means

A

cardiac failure

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23
Q

high hematocrit means

A

spontaneous blood clotting

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24
Q

what is a normal hemoglobin

A

12-16

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25
Q

low hemoglobin can cause

A

heart failure

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26
Q

a high hemoglobin can cause

A

clogging of capillaries due to hemoconcentration

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27
Q

what is a normal platelet count

A

150,000-400,000

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28
Q

low platelet count means

A

thrombocytopenia

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29
Q

with platelet count watch for

A

bleeding percautions

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30
Q

what is normal aPTT

A

20-36 seconds

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31
Q

should be how many times normal with heparin therapy

A

1.5-2.5 seconds

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32
Q

aPPT is used for ?

A

heparin

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33
Q

PT and INR is used for

A

warfarin (coumadin)

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34
Q

what is normal INR

A

2-3

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35
Q

what is normal sodium

A

135-145

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36
Q

low sodium means

A

hypnatremia

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37
Q

high sodium means

A

hypernatremia

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38
Q

what is normal potassium

A

3.5-5

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39
Q

what is low potassium

A

hypokalemia

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40
Q

high potassium

A

hyperkalemia

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41
Q

hyperkalemia means

A

renal problems … MURDER

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42
Q

what is the normal BUN

A

10-20

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43
Q

what is normal creatinine

A

1

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44
Q

what is normal glucose

A

70-110

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45
Q

normal hemoblogin A1c

A

less than 7 percent

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46
Q

7 percent or lower

A

good control

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47
Q

7-8 percent

A

fair

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48
Q

greater than 8

A

poor

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49
Q

what is internal radiation called

A

brachytherapy

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50
Q

how long does radiation treatment on average last

A

15-30 min

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51
Q

what is internal radiation used to treat

A

prostate and cervical cancer

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52
Q

the daily division of the total radiation dose is called

A

a fraction

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53
Q

pts should use skin care products but avoid how many hours before treatment?

A

2

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54
Q

WBC nadir at

A

1-2 weeks

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55
Q

platelet nadir at

A

2-3 weeks

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56
Q

RBC badir at

A

120 days

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57
Q

whats a medical emergency with neutropenia

A

FEVER

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58
Q

when do you give antimetic drugs

A

before treatment

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59
Q

how long withhold food before treatment

A

4-6 hours

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60
Q

how should they eat

A

small frequent meals high protein high calorie

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61
Q

stomatitis

A

painful mouth..

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62
Q

skin care

A

avoid soap plain water pat dry.

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63
Q

side effects of chemo

A 
Bone marrow depression
Alopecia
Retching N&V
Fear and anxiety
Stomatitis(mouthpainful)
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64
Q

diagnosis classifcation

A

Tumor 1-4
N lymph node involment 1-4
M Metases 0 or 1

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65
Q

treatment options for cancer

A

chemo radation surgery

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66
Q

cancer treatment needs a what

A

multidisciplinary team

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67
Q

below what ANC count need protective isolation

A

1,000

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68
Q

Teach parents what for cancer

A 
eating drinking
non uncooked or spoiled, no salad veggies or fruit fresh
water safe
wash hands often
house clean no crowds 
cat keep inside careful with pets
stay away from young animals
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69
Q

fever in hospital do what

A

call provider

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70
Q

fever over what is bad

A

100.4 or 38

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71
Q

how many times fever

A

once over 38.5 of three over 38

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72
Q

what vaccines are contradicted

A

live ones !

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73
Q

what is deadly with cancer patients

A

chickenpox

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74
Q

make sure parents have what

A

good tire on immunizations… everyone around needs shots

75
Q

check PICC or CCV or IVAD ports for what

A

signs of infection…red swelling warm

76
Q

for protective isolation need what

A

private room
fown mask gloves
wash hands
no plants or flowers

77
Q

bleeding precautions are..

A

shave with electric razor
no garlic or green leafy begs
brush soft toothbrush
hold pressure at least 5 minutes

78
Q

cancer cells are highly

A

undiffrentiated

79
Q

etiology of cancer

A 
herdity
immunity
chemical
physical
viral
bacterial 
lifestyle 
carcinogenesis
80
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes

A

23

81
Q

femal is

A

xx

82
Q

male

A

xy

83
Q

one of two or more alternative forms of gene that can occupy a particle chromosomal locus

A

allele

84
Q

position of gene on chromsome

A

locus

85
Q

condition present at birth

A

congential

86
Q

transmission of a genetic disease or condition from parent to offspring

A

heredity

87
Q

permanat chance in the sequence of dan

A

mutation

88
Q

gene located on sex chromosome

A

x linked gene

89
Q

clinically expressed gene… what you see

A

phenotype

90
Q

the blueprint . internal code

A

geneotype

91
Q

physical characteristic that one inherits

A

trait

92
Q

having two different alleles for one given gene… one dominant one recessive

A

heterozygous

93
Q

having two identical genes that allele from one given gene… two dominant or recessive

A

homozygous

94
Q

gene that is expressed in phenotype

A

dominant allele

95
Q

allele that has no noticeable effecy

A

recessive allele

96
Q

genetics in future

A

own drug make up

97
Q

teaching for genetics

A

watch over counter
support
backup plan

98
Q

HIV is most transversable in

A

primary stage

99
Q

before doing HIV test must have

A

INFORMED CONSENT

100
Q

CD4 t cells less than what is aids

A

250

101
Q

cd4 t cells less than what is infection

A

500

102
Q

with HIV avoid…

A

cat liter
bad water
birds.chickens
no tattoos unless buy own ink and needles

103
Q

ways to transmit

A

all fluids except sweat and tears

104
Q

continuum of HIV

A 
initial expisure
primary
asymptomatic
early 
AIDs
105
Q

what races are three times more likely to get SLE

A

african asian hispanic and native americans

106
Q

SLE is a

A

multis stem disease

107
Q

key signs of SLE

A

butterfly rash
vascular lesions
swan neck deformity

108
Q

what do you teach with prednisone or any steroids

A

tapper off… hurts adrenal function

109
Q

taking nsaids and steroid together what for

A

ulcers gi bleed

110
Q

teaching with SLE

A 
process
names of drugs
pain management
conserve energy
exercise heat
stress avoidance
avoid others with infection
aroid dry soaps
use sunscreen
follow up
prego counseling
resources
111
Q

what are the parts of the upper respiratory tract

A

nose mouth pharynx epiglottis larynx trachea .. crania

112
Q

what are the three parts of the pharynx

A

naso oro laryngo

113
Q

what are the parts of the lower respiratory tract

A

bronchi bronchioles alveolar ducts aveoli lung lobes

114
Q

right lunch has how many lobes

A

3

115
Q

left lung has how many lobes

A

2

116
Q

which lung is wider shorter straigther

A

right.. more aspiration

117
Q

how many alveoli in adult lung

A

300 million

118
Q

what is the total lung volume

A

2,500 ml

119
Q

what is the lipoprotein that decreases surface tension and keeps the alveoli from collapsing

A

surfactant

120
Q

what coveres chest cavity

A

parietal pleura

121
Q

what covers lung

A

viscreal pleura

122
Q

how much fluid in intrapleural space

A

20-25

123
Q

inspiration and expiration

A

ventilation

124
Q

ease of lung expansion

A

compliance

125
Q

02 and co2 moving back and forth across alveolar capillary membrane

A

diffusion

126
Q

what is normal ph

A

7.35-7.45

127
Q

what is normal PaO2

A

80-100

128
Q

what is normal SaO2

A

less than 95 percent

129
Q

what is normal PaCO2

A

35-45

130
Q

what is normal HCO3-

A

22-26

131
Q

what does H+ conc mean

A

acidosis.. increase respirations

132
Q

what does decrease H+ mean

A

alkalosis

133
Q

reflux that prevents you from over distending lungs

A

Hering-Breuer reflex

134
Q

changes and effects on aging

A

structual changes. defense mechanisms respiratory control

135
Q

what sound here when percuss over lung fields

A

reasonat

136
Q

what does resonance sound like

A

low pitched sound

137
Q

drum like sound loud empy

A

tympany

138
Q

medium intensity pitch and duration

A

dull

139
Q

soft high pitched short duration

A

flat

140
Q

what sound over trachea

A

bronchial .. hollow tube sound

141
Q

what sound over main bronchi

A

bronchovesicular… medium pitched

142
Q

sound heard over less bronchi and bronchioles

A

soft low pitch rusting sound.. vesicular

143
Q

whats a postive egophony

A

pt says e but you hear a

144
Q

whats a postivie bronchophony

A

99 and hear it good

145
Q

louder low pitch.. no cont brief

A

crackles

146
Q

snoring sound

A

rhonci

147
Q

high pitched musical cont

A

wheeze

148
Q

squeeling

A

stridor

149
Q

tb test less than 5mm duration

A

Hiv infected people.. recent contact

150
Q

tb test less than 10mm

A

recent immigrants . drug users. high risk areas

151
Q

less than 15mm

A

people who are at low risk

152
Q

when suction if you touch what makes pt cough

A

carnia.. angle of louis

153
Q

how do you measure airflow

A

spirometry

154
Q

what are the defense mechanisms

A

cough, filter air,mucocillary , alveoli macrophages, reflex constriction

155
Q

surgical reconstruction of the nose.. cosmetic or to improve breathing

A

rhinoplasty

156
Q

after rhinoplasty when do you remove external splints

A

3-5 days

157
Q

how do you calculate pack years

A

pack per day times years smoking

158
Q

what does asbestos cause

A

mesothelomia

159
Q

where does lung cancer go

A

segmented bronchi or prefer upper lobes

160
Q

how does lung cancer begin

A

mutated epithelial cells

161
Q

what are the two types of lung cancer

A

NSCLC and SCLC

162
Q

where does lung cancer spread to

A

LBBLA .. liver brain bone lymph nodes and adrenal glands

163
Q

which is deadly

A

SCLC

164
Q

symptoms of lung cancer

A

cough, dyspnea, hemopytsis

165
Q

how do you stage SCLC

A

limted or extensive

166
Q

surgery with lung cancer works for

A

NSCLC stage one and two

167
Q

surgical opening into thoracic cavity

A

thoracotomy .. PAINFUL .

168
Q

chemo is primary treatment for

A

SCLC

169
Q

what are the 5 A’s for individuals willing to quit

A 
ask
advise
assess
assist 
arrange
170
Q

what are the 5 R for people unwilling to quit

A 
relevance
risks
rewards
roadblock
repetition
171
Q

pleural space usually contains how much fluid

A

20-25

172
Q

lubricant between parietal pleura and visceral pleura .. abnormal fluid

A

pleural effusion

173
Q

symptoms of pleural effusion

A

dyspnea
cough
decrease movement on affected side
sharp chest pain

174
Q

aspiration of intrapleural fluid

A

thoracentesis

175
Q

how much fluid can you take out with thoracentesis ..why?

A

1000-1200 max.. hypotension hypoxemia pulmonary edema

176
Q

inflammation of the pleura .. pain is sharp with abrupt onset.. laying on effected side helps

A

pleurisy.. pleuritis

177
Q

collapse of the alveoli

A

atelectasis

178
Q

with atelectasis teach

A

cough and deep breath and inceptive spirometry

179
Q

granuloma( defensse mechanism: walls off to prevent spread

A

gohn focus

180
Q

bacteria widespread within body by bloodstream

A

military TB

181
Q

symptoms of Tb

A 
fatigue
anorexis
low grade fever
night sweats
dysnpea
hemoptysis
182
Q

TB drugs take for

A

9 months

183
Q

Dot therapy needed

A

essential public heath measure
watch them swallow pills
non adherence

Medsurg test 1 (1 decks)

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