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Medsci 147 mock exam > medsci 147 mock exam > Flashcards

medsci 147 mock exam Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following symptoms results from a lesion of the corticospinal tract on the right side of the brain stem?

1-a spastic paralysis on the right side of the body
2-a flaccid paralysis on the left side of the body
3-muscle rigidity on the right side of the body
4-a spastic paralysis on the left side of the body
5-a flaccid paralysis on the right side of the body

A

4-a spastic paralysis on the left side of the body

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2
Q

Which of the following symptoms results from a lesion of the primary motor cortex on the left side of the brain?

1-a spastic paralysis on the left side of the body
2-a flaccid paralysis on the left side of the body
3-muscle rigidity on the left side of the body
4-a flaccid paralysis on the right side of the body
5-a spastic paralysis on the right side of the body

A

5-a spastic paralysis on the right side of the body

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3
Q

A lesion encompassing the supramarginal and angular gyral region on the left side of the brain results in a:

1-sensory/fluent aphasia 
2-deficit in reading and writing
3-visual field blindness
4-conduction aphasia
5-spastic paralysis
A

2-deficit in reading and writing

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4
Q

The medial lemniscus conveys sensory information from where to where?

1-the spinal cord to the gracile and cuneate nuclei
2-the gracile and cuneate nuclei to the thalamus
3-the cortex to the basal ganglia
4-the thalamus to the sensory cortex
5-the sensory cortex to the spinal cord

A

2-the gracile and cuneate nuclei to the thalamus

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5
Q

A lesion of the lateral spinothalamic tract on the left side of the cervical spinal cord results in:

1-a loss of touch and pressure sensation on the left side of the body
2-a loss of pain and temperature sensation on the left side of the body
3-a spastic paralysis on the left side of the body
4-a loss of touch and pressure sensation on the right side of the body
5-loss of pain and temperature sensation on the right side of the body

A

5-loss of pain and temperature sensation on the right side of the body

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6
Q

Which of the following lesions results in a dissociated sensory loss?

1-a lesion on the right side of the spinal cord
2-a lesion involving the sensory pathways on the right side of the midbrain
3-a lesion on the right side of the brainstem
4-a lesion on the left side of the medulla
5-a lesion involving the sensory cortex on the left side of the brain

A

1-a lesion on the right side of the spinal cord

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7
Q

Which of the following is characteristic of a ventral root of the spinal cord?

1-contains myelinated axons from the lower motor neurons
2-contains myelinated fibres conducting discriminative sensation
3-conducts sensory information from a specific region of the skin called a “dermatome”
4-contains cell bodies of pseudounipolar neurons in a ganglion
5-contains unmyelinated fibres conducting pain and temperature sensation

A

1-contains myelinated axons from the lower motor neurons

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8
Q

All of the following are treatments for Parkinson’s disease EXCEPT:

1-a lesion in the thalamus
2-a lesion in the globus pallidus
3-deep brain stimulation
4-a lesion in the cerebellum
5-drug treatment with L-DOPA
A

4-a lesion in the cerebellum

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9
Q

Which of the following happens most rapidly in our bodies when we are in a situation of immediate danger or alarm?

1-cortisol is released into the bloodstream
2-cytokines are released by the immune system
3-epinephrine is released into the bloodstream
4-the pituitary gland is activated
5-sympathetic nerve signals affect various body functions

A

5-sympathetic nerve signals affect various body functions

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10
Q

A person who suffers from excessive stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system following emotional stress or exposure to cold (Raynaud disease) is likely to experience:

1-Increased glucose production by gluconeogenesis in the liver
2-Depression of some immune responsiveness
3-Muscle wasting due to increased protein breakdown
4-Chronic vasoconstriction leading to white appearance in fingers or toes
5-Increased blood pressure due to blood vessel sensitisation

A

4-Chronic vasoconstriction leading to white appearance in fingers or toes

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11
Q

If cells in a particular organ do not respond to water-soluble hormone prolactin, which of the following is the most likely reason?

1-prolactin is not binding to gene regulatory elements
2-prolactin-specific protein kinase is non-functional
3-the cells lack the prolactin surface receptor
4-prolactin is not able to cross the lipid membrane of the cell
5-he adenyl cyclase enzyme is defective

A

4-prolactin is not able to cross the lipid membrane of the cell

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12
Q

Which neurotransmitter is used at synapese by both motor neurons and pre-ganglionic autonomic neurons?

1-Cortisol
2-Norepinephrine
3-Acetylcholine
4-Serotonin
5-Epinephrine
A

3-Acetylcholine

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13
Q

“Economy class syndrome” is a popular term used to describe deep vein thrombosis when it occurs in air travellers on long-haul flights. In deep vein thrombosis, a large cylindrical blood clot forms in a vein of the leg. If the clot breaks free and begins to move with the blood flow, it is likely to lodge in the:

1-femoral artery
2-left atrium
3-aorta
4-pulmonary artery
5-left ventricle
A

4-pulmonary artery

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14
Q

A middle-aged, overweight man suffers a heart attack (myocardial infarction). About a week later the wall of his left ventricle, weakened by the presence of an area of dead muscle, ruptures. Blood from the left ventricle exits through the rupture and enters the pericardial space. As pressure rises in the pericardial space, it compresses the ventricles and begins to affect the filling of the ventricles during diastole. If atrial pressure remains the same, which of these is the lowest (pericardial) pressure when there will be no ventricular filling?

1-120 mmHg
2-10 mmHg
3-1 mmHg
4-100 mmHg
5-30 mmHg
A

2-10 mmHg

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15
Q

A surgeon exposes a human patient’s heart by making a midline incision through the skin of the chest, then cutting lengthwise through the sternum and opening the pericardium. In this view, the chamber of the heart which she would be LEAST likely to see is the:

1-right ventricle
2-left atrium
3-left ventricle
4-right auricle
5-right atrium
A

2-left atrium

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16
Q

A construction worker trips and falls onto a thin steel rod which pierces his left side. The tip of the rod stops in the middle of the worker’s right ventricle. Which structure was most likely to have been damaged last by the rod tip, as it entered the worker’s thorax?

1-Epicardium
2-Visceral pericardium
3-The bundle branches
4-Chordae tendineae
5-Interventricular sulcus
A

4-Chordae tendineae

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17
Q

Identify the phase of the normal cardiac cycle in which the following can occur: the mitral valve is closed, aortic pressure can decrease, atrial pressure increases and the ventricular volume changes.

1-Ventricular filling
2-Atrial contraction
3-Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
4-Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
5-Ventricular ejection
A

5-Ventricular ejection

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18
Q

Which of the following is incorrect with respect to coronary arteries?

1-They have a lumen that is approximately 2-4mm in diameter
2-Atheromas in these arteries can lead to angina
3-They run alongside cardiac veins in the inter-ventricular sulci
4-They are elastic arteries - coronary arteries are muscular arteries
5-The entrance to the coronary arteries is downstream from the aortic valve

A

4-They are elastic arteries - coronary arteries are muscular arteries

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19
Q

Spinal cord transection at the level of the neck would result in:

1-increased sympathetic control over heart rate
2-loss of sympathetic control over stroke volume
3-loss of vagal control over the heart rate
4-loss of parasympathetic control over stroke volume
5-complete loss of control over heart rate

A

2-loss of sympathetic control over stroke volume

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20
Q

An increase in afterload on the heart is most likely to be associated with:

1-low cardiac sympathetic nerve activity
2-hypertension
3-increased blood volume
4-high vagal nerve activity
5-heart failure
A

2-hypertension

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21
Q

A fall in blood pressure results in:

1-a decrease in afferent baroreceptor nerve firing
2-increased vagal nerve activity
3-decreased sympathetic nerve activity
4-an increase in afterload on the heart
5-decreased vascular resistance
A

1-a decrease in afferent baroreceptor nerve firing

22
Q

Which type of blood vessel exerts the major control of systemic vascular resistance?

1-Aorta
2-Vena Cava
3-Arterioles
4-Venules
5-Capillaries
A

3-Arterioles

23
Q

An increase in the preload on the heart is most likely to result from:

1-decreased sympathetic nerve activity
2-an increase in plasma Ca2+ concentration
3-a reduction in stroke volume
4-an increase in vagal nerve activity
5-an increase in blood volume
A

5-an increase in blood volume

24
Q

The sympathetic nervous system:

1-keeps heart rate low
2-is only involved in the fight-or-flight response
3-promotes gut motility and digestive functions
4-is involved in the moment-to-moment regulation of blood pressure
5-has the vagus as the primary nerve

A

4-is involved in the moment-to-moment regulation of blood pressure

25
Q

In healthy individuals, the resting heart rate is slower than the intrinsic rate of the pacemaker cells of the sino-atrial node. This is predominantly due to:

1-high sympathetic nerve activity
2-preload
3-afterload
4-calcium
5-the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system
A

5-the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system

26
Q

Blood flows most slowly through:

1-capillaries, because of their small diameters.
2-capillaries, because their total cross-sectional area is the largest.
3-elastic arteries, because of the elastic tissue in the walls.
4-superior and inferior venae cavae, because of their large diameters and thin walls.
5-superior and inferior venae cavae, because of their low pressure.

A

2-capillaries, because their total cross-sectional area is the largest.

27
Q

Müllerian duct regression is under the control of which hormone?

1-AMH
2-LH
3-oestradiol
4-FSH
5-testosterone
A

1-AMH

28
Q

The typical first visible sign of male pubery is which of the following?

1-lengthening of the penis
2-facial hair
3-pubic hair
4-breast development
5-enlargement of the testes
A

5-enlargement of the testes

29
Q

When do the ovaries of human females contain the greatest number of oocytes?

1-at birth
2-at the onset of puberty
3-at the onset of menopause
4-oocyte numbers remain the same throughout life
5-post-menopause
A

1-at birth

30
Q

The LH surge is primarily responsible for which event duing the menstrual cycle?

1-progesterone production
2-oogenesis
3-oxytocin production
4-ovulation
5-menstruation
A

4-ovulation

31
Q

Which Sertoli cell-derived hormone acts via negative feedback to turn off FSH production?

1-luteinizing hormone
2-prolactin
3-5-dihydrotestosterone (5DHT)
4-testosterone
5-inhibin
A

5-inhibin

32
Q

Where are spermatogonia located?

1-in the interstitial compartment of the testis
2-in the luminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules
3-in the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules
4-in the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules
5-in the rete testis

A

3-in the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules

33
Q

The seminal vesicles:

1-are the major site of sperm maturation in humans
2-are the major site of sperm storage in humans
3-secrete an acidic fluid
4-are a minor site of sperm storage in humans
5-secrete an alkaline fluid

A

5-secrete an alkaline fluid

34
Q

Oligospermia is:

1-when sperm count is more than 20 million sperm / mL ejaculate
2-sperm immotility
3-decreased sperm count
4-when no sperm is produced
5-a phenomenon where sperm production happens before puberty

A

3-decreased sperm count

35
Q

Choose the correct statement that completes the following sentence. In a rat, during swallowing, food:

1-passes dorsal to the soft palate
2-passes dorsal to the trachea and into the oesophagus
3-is prevented from entering the oesophagus by the epiglottis
4-must pass through the glottis as it enters the oesophagus
5-is prevented from entering the nasal cavity by the epiglottis

A

2-passes dorsal to the trachea and into the oesophagus

36
Q

During your rat dissection lab, which of the following structures had the least vascular appearance?

1-Kidney
2-Liver
3-Stomach
4-Lung
5-Spleen
A

3-Stomach

37
Q

With respect to the digestive system of the rat, identify the correct statement:

1-The liver has exocrine and endocrine functions.
2-The region of the stomach responsible for food storage is opaque in appearance, whereas the area of the stomach responsible for acid and enzyme release is thin and translucent.
3-As chyme leaves the stomach, it travels from the duodenum, to the ileum next, then to the jejunum
4-Bile is stored and concentrated in the gall bladder, and released in a pulsatile fashion
5-In the large intestine, content approaching the rectum are semi-fluid, whereas contents leaving the caecum are formed into firm faeces

A

1-The liver has exocrine and endocrine functions.

38
Q

During a rat dissection, a student encounters a tubular part of the gut. The student observes that most of this tubular section lies in the abdominal cavity, and she is told that digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs there. Which of the following statements about the tube is also correct?

1-It receives secretions from the liver.
2-It is directly connected to the colon
3-It is straight
4-Movement of chyme through this tube is under voluntary control
5-It is located exclusivley on the rat’s left side

A

1-It receives secretions from the liver.

39
Q

The occurrence of unusually high amounts of fats and lipids in the faeces of a rat is most likely due to a problem with which organ?

1-pancreas / spleen
2-caecum
3-colon
4-stomach 
5-liver
A

5-liver

40
Q

An organ in the rat which manufactures proteins and then releases them both into the gut and into the blood stream is the:

1-spleen
2-thymus gland
3-adrenal gland 
4-parotid gland
5-pancreas
A

5-pancreas

41
Q

All of the following are involved in hearing a question and speaking a reply, EXCEPT:

1-Broca’s area
2-white matter connecting cortical regions of the superior temporal gyrus
3-cortex of the precentral gyrus, frontal lobe
4-cortex of the occipital lobe, centred on the Calcarine Sulcus
5-primary auditory cortex

A

4-cortex of the occipital lobe, centred on the Calcarine

42
Q

All of the following are involved in hearing a question and speaking a reply, EXCEPT:

1-It is a component of the brainstem, not the hindbrain
2-White-matter tracts called the internal capsule makes up the “floor” of the midbrain.
3-The inferior border of the midbrain runs from the posterior edge of the inferior colliculus to the superior edge of the pons
4-The superior and inferior colliculi make up the “roof” of the midbrain
5-Cerebral spinal fluid runs through the midbrain

A

2-White-matter tracts called the internal capsule makes up the “floor” of the midbrain.

43
Q

Identify the triplet which contains structures likely to be seen in the same transverse slice that has been cut horizontally through the human brain:

1-Cerebellum, pons, corpus callosum
2-Thalamus, corpus callosum, fourth ventricle
3-Superior frontal gyrus, pons, supramarginal and angular gyri.
4-Pons, parietal lobe, cerebral aqueduct
5-Hypothalamus, temporal lobe, cerebellum

A

5-Hypothalamus, temporal lobe, cerebellum

44
Q

In the Hunger Games arena, Katniss shot a person with an arrow to the head and neck region, which caused total respiratory and cardiovascular failure. Which of the following structures did the arrow most likely damage?

1-Midbrain
2-Forebrain
3-Occipital pole
4-Cerebellum
5-Brainstem
A

5-Brainstem

45
Q

During brain surgery, the surgeon accidentally damaged a region of the cortex located slightly anterior to the posterior border of the parietal lobe in the left hemisphere. What symptom is this accident likely to cause in the patient?

1-the patient cannot read and understand the breakfast menu
2-the patient cannot understand what people are saying
3-the patient cannot hear through the right ear
4-the patient is unable to speak properly
5-the patient is partially blind

A

1-the patient cannot read and understand the breakfast menu

46
Q

During a MEDSCI 142 lab test, a student lost coordination of their right hand, and started scribbling with their pencil all over their Scantron sheet without any control. Disease to which area is most likely to cause this symptom?

1-Wernicke’s area
2-Broca’s area 
3-Supramarginal and angular gyri
4-Exner’s area
5-Right primary motor cortex
A

4-Exner’s area

47
Q

The Huntsman brought back a sheep’s heart for the wicked Queen instead of Snow White’s. The Queen opened the jewelled box, and could immediately tell she was looking at the heart in the dorsal view, because she could clearly see:

1-the ligamentum arteriosum
2-a small, thin-walled blood vessel veering anteriorly and to the left of the heart
3-he vena cavae entering the left atrium
4-he left auricle in its entirety
5-the uppermost structure was a thick, rubbery and cream-coloured vessel

A

2-a small, thin-walled blood vessel veering anteriorly and to the left of the heart

48
Q

In the sheep heart, which of the following is associated with the pulmonary valve?

1-chordae tendineae
2-first heart sound
3-papillary muscles
4-openings (ostia) of the coronary arteries
5-ventral to the aortic valve
A

5-ventral to the aortic valve

49
Q

During Harry’s study of the chambers of the sheep heart, he inserts one blade of his scissors into the lumen of the right ventricle and cuts along the ventricular wall in an anterior direction until he enters the right atrium and partly opens the wall. While making this incision, he is likely to have cut through which of the following?

1-A coronary artery
2-The fossa ovalis
3-A pulmonary vein
4-A cup-shaped valve cusp lacking tendinous cords
5-The interventricular septum
A

1-A coronary artery

50
Q

With respect to pre- and post-natal circulation, select the CORRECT statement.

1-Before birth, the foramen ovale allows blood to flow from the left atrium (relatively higher pressure) into the right atrium (relatively lower pressure)
2-The foramen ovale of the fetal heart has a flap valve on the right side of the interatrial septum
3-Immediately after birth, the ductus arteriosus closes to become the ligamentum arteriosum due to the growth of connective tissue into its lumen
4-After birth, the overall effect on the pulmonary system if the foramen ovale were to remain patent would be the same as if the ductus arteriosus were also to remain patent.
5-If the ductus arteriosus remains patent after birth, blood would be shunted from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

A

4-After birth, the overall effect on the pulmonary system if the foramen ovale were to remain patent would be the same as if the ductus arteriosus were also to remain patent.

51
Q

in your dissection of the sheep heart, you observed that:

1-The chamber in which the moderator band was found also had the largest papillary muscles
2-A left atrio-ventricular valve leaflet had a greater surface area than that of the right
3-The internal surfaces of the ventricles were completely smooth to facilitate laminar blood flow
4-The openings of the coronary arteries were seen behind the tricuspid valve
5-The openings of the cardiac veins were very small, and were found by slitting open lengthwise the middle posterior vena cava

A

2-A left atrio-ventricular valve leaflet had a greater surface area than that of the right

52
Q

With respect to the heart valves and their action during a normal cardiac cycle, select the CORRECT statement.

1-During systole, the closure of the semilunar valves contributes to the first heart sound
2-The atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves are never closed at the same time.
3-The first heart sound is best heard near the apex of the heart, while the second heart sound is best heard near the base of the heart
4-The aortic valve opens during diastole to allow blood to enter the coronary ostia, suppling the coronary arteries with oxygen-rich blood
5-The physical coming together and touching of the valve flaps generates loud noises which are heard as the heart sounds

A

3-The first heart sound is best heard near the apex of the heart, while the second heart sound is best heard near the base of the heart

Medsci 147 mock exam (1 decks)

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