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Pharmacology > Meds for pain and inflammation > Flashcards

Meds for pain and inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

NSAIDs inhibit

A

cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2

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2
Q

COX-1 makes

A

protective prostaglandins and thomboxanes

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3
Q

COX-2 makes

A

protective prostaglandins and inflammatory PGs

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4
Q

basically NSAIDs can

A

prevent inflammation, platelet aggregation, decrease gastric mucosa protection, affect blood vessels (constriction and dilation)

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5
Q

First generation NSAIDs non specific COX inhibitors - 7

A 
aspirin
ibuprofen (Motrin)
naproxen (Naprosyn)
indomethacin (Indocin)
diclofenac (Cataflam)
ketorolac
meloxicam (Mobic)
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6
Q

Second generation NSAIDs selective COX-2 inhibitor

A

celecoxib (Celebrex)

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7
Q

salicylism (tinnitus, sweating, headache, respiratory alkalosis) may occur with

A

aspirin

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8
Q

aspirin is contraindicated in children due to

A

possibility of Reye syndrome

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9
Q

GI distress and damage to mucosa are adverse effects to using NSAIDs, what could you do for a client with these symptoms?

A

administer PPI such as omeprazole (Prilosec) or an H2 receptor agonist such as ranitidine (Zantac)

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10
Q

celecoxib may be contraindicated in clients who have known

A

CV disease

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11
Q

_____ slows the production of prostaglandins in the CNS

A

acetaminophen (Tylenol)

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12
Q

clients are advised to take no more than __/day of acetaminophen and t monitor for signs of

A

4g, hepatotoxicity

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13
Q

the antidote for acetaminophen is

A

acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

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14
Q

opioids act on receptors in the central nervous system which can cause what effects?

A

analgesia, respiratory depression, euphoria, sedation, decreased GI motility

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15
Q

the main meds that are opioid agonists: 6

A 
morphine
fentanyl (Sublimaze)
meperidine (Demerol)
methadone (Dolophine)
codeine
oxycodone (OxyContin)
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16
Q

antidote for opioids

A

naloxone (Narcan)

17
Q

opioid overdose triad of coma, respiratory depression and pinpoint pupils, what is the nursing intervention?

A

monitor VS, provide mechanical ventilation, administer naloxone

18
Q

meperidine is contraindicated in clients who have renal failure because

A

accumulation of normeperidine which can result in seizures and neurotoxicity

19
Q

agonist/antagonist opioid used to treat opioid dependence

A

buprenorphine

20
Q

agonist/antagonist opioid used for labor pain

A

butorphanol

21
Q

agonist/antagonist opioids as compared to opioid agonists

A

low potential for abuse (little euphoria), less respiratory depression, less analgesic effect

22
Q

relieves severe opioid induced constipation

A

methylnaltrexone

23
Q

used with a primary pain med, usually an opioid agonist, to increase pain relief while reducing the dosage of the opioid

A

adjuvant meds

24
Q

Adjuvant meds for pain

TCAs 2

A

amitriptyline (Elavil)

imipramine (Tofranil)

25
Q

Adjuvant meds for pain

anticonvulsants 3

A

cabamazepine (Tegretol)
gabapentin (Neurontin)
phenytoin (Dilantin)

26
Q

Adjuvant meds for pain

CNS stimulants 2

A

methylphenidate (Ritalin)

dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)

27
Q

Adjuvant meds for pain

antihistamine

A

hydroxyzine (Vistaril)

28
Q

Adjuvant meds for pain

glucocorticoids 2

A

dexamethasone (Decadron)

prednisone (Deltasone)

29
Q

Adjuvant meds for pain

biphosphonates 2

A

etidronate (Didronel)

pamidronate (Aredia)

30
Q

Adjuvant meds for pain

NSAIDs 2

A

ibuprofen (Motrin)

ketorolac (Sprix)

31
Q

as adjuvant meds for pain, NSAIDs treat

A

inflammation

32
Q

as adjuvant meds for pain, TCAs treat

A

depression, and neuropathic pain such as cramping, burning, darting and lancinating pain

33
Q

as adjuvant meds for pain, anticonvulsants treat

A

neuropathic pain

34
Q

as adjuvant meds for pain, CNS stimulants augment

A

analgesia and decrease sedation

35
Q

as adjuvant meds for pain, antihistamines decrease

A

anxiety, prevent insomnia, relieve nausea

36
Q

as adjuvant meds for pain, glucocorticoids decrease

A

pain from intracranial pressure and spinal cord compression

37
Q

as adjuvant meds for pain, biphosphonates manage

A

hypercalcemia and bone pain

38
Q

how can decreased bowel motility be counteracted in patients experiencing anticholinergic effects due to pain meds?

A

administer stimulant laxative, such as bisacodyl (Dulcolax) for decreased motility and docusate sodium (Colace) for constipation

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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