Meds Flashcards
Short acting Beta-2 agonist drug name (one)
albuterol
Nursing considerations for albuterol
monitor HR and BP, use care with cardiac patients
side effects of albuterol
tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, increase BP
actions of albuterol
bronchodilators, relaxes smooth muscles in airways, begins working within minutes
name of oral/IV corticosteorids (three)
prednisone, methylprednisolone, orapred
actions of oral/IV corticosteroids
used to treat acute asthma attacks or severe asthma
Nursing considerations for oral/IV corticosteroids
may take a few hours or few days to become fully effective, long term use can cause serious side effects- cataracts, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, decreased resistance to infection, high BP
cholinergic antagonist drug name (one)
atrovent
cholinergic antagonist action
used to block parasympathetic nervous system which increases bronchodilation
side effects of cholinergic antagonists
blurred vision, headache, nausea, nervousness, palpitations
nursing considerations of cholinergic antagonists
drug can cause dry mouth - rinse mouth after use, must be used several times a day, used in conjunction with albuterol and/or nebulizers
inhaled corticosteroid drugs (four)
flovent, pulmicort, azmacort, aerobid
actions of inhaled corticosteroids
anti inflammatory, decreased inflammation in the airways
side effects of inhaled corticosteroids
few side effects, use of these minimizes need for oral steroids
nursing considerations of inhaled corticosteroids
monitor growth rate on kids, long term use can increase risk of bruising/thinning skin, gargle and spit out water after use to avoid oral thrush/yeast infections
long acting beta-2 agonists (LABA) drugs (three)
serevent (salmeterol), formoteraol, advair
actions of LABA
bronchodilators - open constricted airways, last at least 12 hours, used to control moderate to severe asthma
side effects of LABA
in some cases can actually make asthma attack worse
nursing considerations of LABA
use on regular schedule, not to be used as main treatment for asthma, never to be used without inhaled corticosteroid
leukotriene modifier drugs (two)
singulair, accolate
action of leukotriene modifiers
reduces production/blocks the action of leukotriene substance released by cells in lungs during asthma attack
side effects of leukotriene modifiers
headache, abdominal pain, cough
nursing considerations of leukotriene modifiers
used in conjunction with other meds such as inhaled corticosteroids, used with mild asthma, given in oral pill form
methylxanthine drugs (three)
theo-dur, uniphyl, theophylline
action of methylxanthines
bronchodilator
side effects of methylxanthines
nausea/vomiting, tachycardia, dysrthymias
nursing considerations for methylxanthines
often used if other agents ineffective, narrow therapeutic range, patient becomes toxic easily, blood levels need to be monitored, avoid caffeine if possible, take oral meds with food
Nasal cannula O2 concentration
22-45%
nasal cannula advantage, disadvantages, and administration guidelines
adv: effective for low oxygen concentration
dis: will not deliver oxygen concentrations higher than 40%, dry mucous membranes
adm guidelines: maximum flow is 5-6 LPM. change to another O2 device if patient requires > 5 LPM. humidify for liter flows >4 LPM, use on patients with adequate tidal volume and normal vital signs
simple mask advantages, disadvantages, and administration guidelines, O2 concentration
O2 concentration: 25-60%
adv: deliver oxygen concentrations up to 60%
dis: tight seal is required for higher oxygen concentrations, hot and confining impractical long term
adm guidelines: a minimum of 6 LPM is required for all masks to flush expired CO2 and prevent rebreathing of CO2. do not use humidifier and fit firmly. use for severe asthma, pneumonia, trauma, or severe sepsis
nonrebreather O2 concentration, advantage, disadvantages, and administration guidelines
o2 concentration: 80-95%
adv: deliver highest possible oxygen concentration without intubation, short term therapy
dis: requires a tight seal, impractical for long term
adm guidelines: reservoir bag must remain inflated at all times, do not use humidifier bottle, if bag collapses, increase flow rate until inflated, ensure free expansion no twisting or kinks
Venturi mask O2 concentration, advantage, disadvantages, and administration guidelines
O2 concentraiton: 24-60% is determined by color of venture device
adv: delivers highly accurate oxygen concentration for same amount of air always enters
dis: requires a tight seal intake ports can be blocked
adm guidelines: accurate O2 concentration depends on oxygen liter flow and color of attached venture device, always use the clear plastic collar to guarantee the oxygen concentration delivered. Do not use a humidifier bottle. USE ON COPD PATIENTS
Aerosol/ large volume nebulizers O2 concentration, advantage, disadvantages, and administration guidelines
O2 concentration: 28-100%
adv: administers large volumes of mist, indicated for thick secretions
dis: condensation may collect in the trach. collar or tubing
adm guidelines: observe for signs of overhydration, pulmonary edema, crackles, connected to a wide corrugated tubing that receives oxygen from a jet nebulizer
Nasal canula leater flow (LPM)
1-6 1=25% 2=29% 3=33% 4=37% 5=41% 6=45%
simple mask liter flow
6-10
non rebreather liter flow
10-15
venturi mask liter flow
varies, mixes a specific volume of air and oxygen
aerosol/large volume nebulizers liter flow
10-15
