Meds

Question 1

Pentoxifylline

Answer 1

Medication for PAD and PVD

Vasodilator and anti-inflammatory: ⬇️ blood viscosity and ⬆️ blood flow through the vessels

Patient Education- can take several weeks to work. Headache is a common side effect

Question 2

Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Cilostazol

Answer 2

Anti-platelet medications

Monitor bleeding times and platelet counts

Aspirin and Clopidogrel ⬇️ risk of arterial thrombus

Cilostazol has vasodilation properties and ⬇️ intermittent claudication

Pt. Education- ways to ⬇️ risk of bruising and bleeding

Question 3

Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers

Answer 3

END with -zosin

1st dose should be administered at bedtime to minimize syncope

Question 4

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

Answer 4

END with -pril

Monitor for syncope, persistent dry cough and hyperkalemia

Risk for angioedema

Pt. Education- dry cough is a side effect and should be reported to HCP

Question 5

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Answer 5

END with -sartan

Can cause angioedema

Question 6

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 6

MOST end with -pine (diltiazem and verapamil are exceptions)

Avoid with severe hypotension

Cautioned with beta blockers and digoxin, can cause bradycardia

Pt. Education- no grapefruit juice, alters absorption

Question 7

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers (beta blockers)

Answer 7

END with -lol

Contraindicated with respiratory diseases, can cause bronchospasms

Can cause bradycardia- avoid bradycardic and heart block patients

do not administer with an apical pulse that is <60, hold and contact HCP

Question 8

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist

Answer 8

Can cause ⬇️ mental acuity and depression

Can cause sedation

Pt. Education- administer at bedtime, can be taken with meals to avoid GI upset

Question 9

Direct Vasodilators

Answer 9

Pt. Education- Inform patient that headache, palpitations and rapid pulse may develop- should go away within 10 days

Question 10

Thiazide Diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide)

Answer 10

Monitor for hypokalemia

Question 11

Loop Diuretic

Answer 11

-mides

Monitor for for hypokalemia, hypo Artemis and hypomagnesium

Question 12

Potassium Sparing Diuretic (Spirialdactone)

Answer 12

Retains potassium

Monitor for hyperpotassium

Question 13

Statins

Answer 13

ENDs with -statin

1st line in treatment for elevated LDL
Used along with diet and exercise

Monitor for muscle pain and tenderness and check creatinine levels for rhabdomyolysis

Monitor liver enzymes- change in skin color, abdominal pain with N/V indicate liver involvement

Monitor total cholesterol

Avoid alcohol

Question 14

Bile Acid Sequestrants

Answer 14

Lowers LDL levels

Bile acids bind to the intestine causing ⬇️ absorption of Cholesterol and ⬆️ excretion in stool

GI side effects- monitor bloating, constipaciones, ⬇️ absorption of vitamins and minerals

Pt. Education- report constipation, severe gastric distress with N/V, unexplained weight loss, black or bloody stools, or sudden back pain to HCP

Question 15

Niacin

Answer 15

BEGINS with “N”

Lowers triglycerides, LDL, total cholesterol and increases HDL

Used in combo with statins

Given with meals to ⬇️ GI upset
Administer with caution to patients with gout, diabetes and liver disease- monitor uric acid, glucose and liver enzymes

Pt. Education- flushing of face, neck, or ears can occur, but subsides.

ETOH can worsen effect

Report weakness or orthostatic hypotension

Question 16

Fibric Acid Agents

Answer 16

Some begin with the letter “F”

Lowers serum triglycerides and used in combo with statins

Monitor cholesterol panel, glucose, liver enzymes and liver function test

Can be given with meals to ⬇️ GI upset

Avoid in pregnant women or women planning to become pregnant

Pt. Education- can take 2 months to achieve therapeutic affect. Report flu-like symptoms to HCP