meditation and creativity

Question 1

we investigated the impact of focused-attention (FA) meditation and open-monitoring (OM) meditation on creativity tasks tapping into convergent and di……….. thinking.

Answer 1

divergent

Question 2

In FA meditation, the individual f……… on a particular item, thought, or object.

Answer 2

focuses

Question 3

In OM meditation, instead, the individual is open to perceive and observe any sensation or thought w…….. focusing on a concept in the mind or a fixed item; therefore attention is flexible and unrestricted.

Answer 3

without

Question 4

Guilford (1950, 1967) has distinguished between two main ingredients of most creative activities: d and c thinking

Answer 4

divergent

convergent

Question 5

Divergent thinking is taken to represent a style of thinking that allows m……. new ideas being generated, in a context where more than o solution is correct

Answer 5

many

one

Question 6

The probably best example is a b session, which has the aim of generating as many ideas on a particular issue as possible.

Answer 6

brainstorming

Question 7

Guilford’s (1967) Alternate Uses Task (AUT) to assess the productivity of divergent thinking follows the same scenario: participants are presented with a particular object, such as a pen, and they are to generate as many p…………. u………. of this object as possible

Answer 7

possible

uses

Question 8

convergent thinking is considered a process of generating …….. possible solution to a particular problem

Answer 8

one

Question 9

Mednick’s (1962) Remote Associates Task (RAT) that aims to assess convergent thinking fits with this profile: participants are presented with three unrelated words, such as “time,” “hair,” and “stretch,” and are to identify the ………… associate (“long”)

Answer 9

common

Question 10

Interestingly for our purposes, performance on the AUT and the RAT were found to be ………..Akbari Chermahini and Hommel, 2010)

Answer 10

uncorrelated

Question 11

divergent thinking (as assessed by the AUT) would be likely to require or benefit from a control state that provides a ……….. of top-down control and local competition, so that the individual can easily and quickly……….from one thought to another in an only weakly guided fashion (Hommel, 2012;

Answer 11

minimum

“jump”

Question 12

convergent thinking (as assessed by the RAT) would be likely to benefit from a ……… top-down bias, which would heavily ………. and direct the search process, and from strong local competition (as only one solution can be correct)

Answer 12

strong

constrain

Question 13

Colzato et al. (2008) have argued that practicing tasks and skills might establish chronic………..of cognitive-control toward states or state parameters that these tasks and skills require

Answer 13

biases

Question 14

This prediction was confirmed by the observation that…………..perform more poorly than monolinguals in a task that requires …………..-attention.

Answer 14

bilinguals

distributed-

Question 15

Colzato et al. (2010a) showed that practicing Calvinists, who can be assumed to have acquired a bias toward focused ………..control (Colzato et al., 2008), perform ………. than well-matched atheists in a distributed-attention task

Answer 15

top-down

worse

Question 16

Slagter et al. (2007) that OM meditation leads to better………….in a distributed-attention task

Answer 16

performance