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History- Medicine through time > Medieval times - Black Death > Flashcards

Medieval times - Black Death Flashcards

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1
Q

When does the Medieval period begin and end?

A

1250 - 1500

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2
Q

What are some features of religion in Medieval Britain?

A

Most of the country was Christian ( Christian community), nuns & monks live in churches & monasteries, the Church was under control by the Pope and his Bishops

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3
Q

Who held the most power in the Medieval times?

A

The King/the monarchy

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4
Q

What was the role of the King?

A

To defend the nation, to put law and order in place and to encourage trade

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5
Q

Who controlled the towns/cities?

A

mayors and the town council

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6
Q

Features of houses in the countryside

A

Insulated by wattle and daub (bad ventilation), thatched rooves

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7
Q

Features of a house in towns

A

Thatched rooves, tightly packed houses

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8
Q

What where toilets called in the Medieval times?

A

Privies/latrine- a hole in the ground with a cesspit underneath

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9
Q

Who cleaned the latrines?

A

Gongfermers- they would scoop out all the mess and take it away out of town (sometimes to sell to farmers) but some would break the law and dump the waste into rivers

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10
Q

Features of a Medieval diet

A

Pottage (vegetable stew), veg, milk, cheese, fish, smoked meat, bread rye (caused egotism)

strong brewed ale, small beers

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11
Q

How did people get water?

A

Streams provided water and fled into the village- this water would be contaminated as animals and people bathed upstream

Some people had their own wells

conduits (had spring water) and water carriers

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12
Q

What is the Black Death?

A

Caused by a germ known as Yersinia Pastis, which lives in the guts of fleas

It started in Asia - trade routes and the Gobi desert- and was spread through rats where the fleas would then jump onto merchants.

Killed 1/3 of the European population

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13
Q

What are the three types of Black Death?

A

Bubonic plague- buboes, death after a few days

Pneumonic plague- infects respiratory systems, coughs up blood

Septicemic Plague- infects circulatory systems, bleeding internally

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14
Q

What were some of the beliefs of the cause of the Black Death?

A

Miasma- bad air, people tried carrying herbs and flowers with them

4 humours- blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile,the belief the humours were not balanced

God- Some believed that God was punishing us for our sins

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15
Q

What were some treatments for the disease?

A

Camomile lotion, live toads & chickens were tied over buboes to soften them,
blood letting , drank 10 year old treacle

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16
Q

What was public health like before the Black Death?

A

King Edward III- reported dungheaps on the streets of Carlisle (1345)

King Edward I- Shrewsbary was given permission to raise money to pave the town (1226)

Butchers guild of Winchester (1329)

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17
Q

What was public health like before the Black Death?

A

King Edward III- reported dungheaps on the streets of Carlisle (1345)

King Edward I- Shrewsbary was given permission to raise money to pave the town (1226)

Butchers guild of Winchester (1329)

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18
Q

What was public health like after the Black Death?

A

1488- under ground passage made from the shambles to the Thames

1385- Wardens put in place

1415-Mayor of London ordered the rebuilding of Latrines

1417- stews r closed down

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19
Q

How did Medieval people who lived in towns get their food?

A

Marketplace

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20
Q

Why were Drovers a risk of health in towns?

A

They left animal carcasses in the streets

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21
Q

What did Rakers do?

A

They were paid to clear the streets

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22
Q

What year did the Black Death hit England?

A

1348

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23
Q

What % of the population were killed by the Black Death?

A

60%

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24
Q

Name two people responsible for the public health in towns?

A

mayors & town council & alderman

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25
Q

What diseases were prevalent in Medieval Britain?

A

Plague (black death), influenza, tuberculosis, dysentery, childbed fever

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26
Q

Give one reason why monasteries needed clean water?

A

for masses

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27
Q

What were some powerful machines at the time?

A

Water mills & wind mills

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28
Q

Why did people have different beliefs on how the disease was spread?

A

Germs were unknown

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29
Q

what did guilds do?

A

They controlled the quality/price of goods made - clothes, bakers and brews

30
Q

what percentage of the population lived in the countryside?

A

90%

31
Q

How many towns in England had a population of 10,000?

A

15

32
Q

Who controlled the peasants?

A

Earls & Lords

33
Q

What was drinking like in the Medieval times?

A

Medieval people enjoyed drinking on holy days and friendly drinks too

34
Q

How was knowledge travelled back then?

A

Word of mouth, hand written notes

35
Q

What were the function of monasteries?

A

Monasteries could take care of the sick and pray more to improve public health

36
Q

What did the town authorities do?

A

They would hire takers and gongfermers to keep the streets clean and to keep cesspits from overflowing

37
Q

Why were town authorities willing to clean the streets?

A

to attract trade and make profit for the mayor and aldermen who were in charge

38
Q

What year did King Edward III report the dungheaps in Carlisle

A

134)

39
Q

Which King Edward ordered to keep the town of York clean?

A

King Edward I

40
Q

In 1287 & 1289, people were publicly humiliated for polluting the place - where?

A

Norwich

41
Q

Bristol kept what on the outskirts of the town?

A

Dungheaps, lepers and prostitutes

42
Q

What did some people do about the Plague?

A

Flagellants existed, Large processions were put in place

43
Q

What is some of the first symptoms of the plague according to Gethin?

A

Swelling in armpits, buboes sized of an onion of an apple ashy colour

44
Q

What were some other beliefs of how the plague was started?

A

The movement of planets, earthquakes, hot baths and exercise, looking people in the eye, poor diet

45
Q

What does danse macabre?

A

dance of death

46
Q

where was the Black Death spread?

A

Europe, Asia, Middle East, North Africa

47
Q

How long would it take for patients to die and why was it so difficult to control the spread?

A

within a week by the time someone died people would already have early symptoms

48
Q

What attracted the rats?

A

The thatched rooves- rats used to live here, rats would often feed on the carcasses of animals slaughtered inside the town, animals were kept on the inside of houses in the countryside

49
Q

Who was the Welsh poet that accounted the symptoms of the plague?

A

Lewan Gethin

50
Q

What did Camomile lotion do?

A

it relieved the inflammation

51
Q

What is childbed fever?

A

It is the infection of the uterus caused by child birth unhygienic place.

Women gave birth at home, animals were kept inside

52
Q

What is tuberculosis?

A

Infects the lungs which leads to death, inhaling tiny droplets from coughs or sneezes of an infected person

53
Q

What is influenza?

A

It also infected the lungs and was passed through talking, coughing, sneezing

54
Q

What is dysentery?

A

Caused by drinking dirty water as latrines leaked into water supplies, cesspits leaked into river and streams

This resulted in diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration

55
Q

What religion was the country mostly made up of?

A

Christianity

56
Q

Why were animals kept inside the house in the countryside?

A

To prevent them from harm and danger

57
Q

Why were houses easily filled with smoke?

A

Due to the fires and bad ventilation

58
Q

Where were floor sweepings swept into?

A

Waste tips and middens

59
Q

What was waste also used for?

A

Fertilising crops, fiends etc

60
Q

Why was small beer better than water?

A

it’s healthier as the brewing killed germs in water and it was stored for days

61
Q

10% of the population died in what years?

A

1315-1322

62
Q

What is ergotism?

A

rye bread had fungus

led to painful spots and burning feeling on the skin, it also caused hallucinations

63
Q

What year was the Great Famine?

A

1315

64
Q

Bad harvests caused what?

A

Starvation

65
Q

Good harvests led too what?

A

plenty of food, healthy diet

66
Q

Where did drains lead too?

A

Neighbours doorstep

67
Q

Rich Merchants had what type of house?

A

Big houses

68
Q

Wardens did what?

A

Appointed to check Londons streets and the Thames

69
Q

Vendors sold what?

A

old, rancid meat pies

70
Q

Why did the rich have bad health?

A

They ate more meat

History- Medicine through time (1 decks)

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